Advance Marketing FINAL Revision

With the current high competition being witnessed in all industries, companies are increasingly being faced with new challenges to come up with new marketing strategies that can ensure that they retain or even increase their market share.To achieve this, companies can undertake market research which is a process that involves gathering of information, recording and analysing the data. This process involves gathering information concerning competitors and customers that exist in the market.Market research is very fundamental in monitoring the companies’ sales and product performance. It also helps organisations get vital information that helps in expansion to new markets. This helps in determining or forecasting the customers that will purchase the product. This includes the customer’s income levels, their location and age among othersIndustry overview /CompanyThis paper will examine the Audi Auto Company in UK; Audi Auto Company is an old auto company established way ba ck in 1932, in Germany. The company has an emblem with four rings which is a symbol of amalgamation of four past independent auto companies that amalgamated in1932 to give way to Audi.These companies were, Audi, Horch, DKW and Wanderer. Today Audi Auto Company is a manufacturer of lovely cars which are sophisticated, beatifically machines that exemplify technological perfection. There are plenty of Audi car models some includes, 265PSS3 Quattro, the TT Coupe 2.0 TFSI S Tronic, the A4 2.0 TDI S saloon and many other models which are available on the market. (Audi Auto Company, 2007)Today, Audi Auto Company is an international motor company which its presence in several countries all over the world. It has established branches in many countries including the UK. The company’s UK headquarters is in Yeomans drive, Blake lands, the company is a division of Volkswagen Group United Kingdom limited.Audi motto is â€Å"Vorsprung durch Technik† which means technology progress. T he company success in the auto industry has been based on the company core values of creativeness, enthusiasm and commitment towards its goals.The company also is customer oriented and it strives to incorporate the desires of its customers in everything it does.   Audi Auto Company endeavours to lead the way through continuous innovation and setting new standards that define auto industry technology. (Audi Auto Company, 2007)Project statementThis research report critically examines and analysis marketing and its influences in contemporary business and with particular regard to Audi Auto Company based in the United Kingdom.This will entail thorough analysis of the marketing policies and strategies that have been adopted by the company, analyses the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats that Audi Auto Company undergoes in line with the ever increasing ambiguity and uncertainty that may come up due to effects of globalization and ever changing business environment.This st udy will also critically evaluate the effectiveness of this organisation response to competition and the gaps that exist in the marketing strategies of the company. This management report will further outline recommendations for new entrant in to the industry and what he should undertake in order to succeed in this ever very competitive industry.Pricing matrix;Pricing of a product is one of the marketing mix aspects and it is very important as it defines the worth of a product. Audi Auto Company has adopted various pricing matrix to achieve its objective of improving the company sales.Methods of pricingPremium pricingPremium pricing is the use of a high price which indicates uniqueness of the car manufactured and its magnificence.   This approach is applied when marketing luxurious cars from the company. (Cinchona, 2005)Penetration pricingThe company takes up penetrating pricing when introducing it cars to new markets or countries. In this pricing strategy, the price for the cars can be set to be lower than what it is in other countries so as to gain a market share.It includes a   low price strategy enables a penetration price which is necessary to allow more cars to sell at first but when it catches up, other pricing strategies are adopted. (Cinchona, 2005)Economy pricingThe company also offers it cars on economy pricing. In this case, the cost of marketing and manufacturing are kept at a minimum hence becomes a no frills low price for a product such as the cars from this company. (Cinchona, 2005)Other pricing methods are; price skimming, psychological pricing, product line pricing, optional product price, captive product pricing etc.The terms of access of Audi auto company products in the UK market pricing depends on factors such as the current tax rates in UK and the overall demand rate. (Cinchona, 2005)Distribution channel network;Distribution means a network for reaching out to company’s customers. It is important for any company to create well distribution channels that will ensure that the customers are able to get the final product without a lot of hustle.   Audi Auto Company has an elaborate distribution channel of it vehicles that it manufactures in the UK.The company has dealership with various companies and dealers who market its products. The products are market all over the world; the company also have several manufacturing plants in other countries which manufacturers and markets the Audi cars in those countries. Audi Company also has Audi centres, authorized dealers and other group companies which are used as distribution channels. (Audi Auto Company, 2007)Sales networkFor any company to succeed in its marketing it must have a strong sales network which will ensure that the company’s products reach the targeted market. A good sales network allows the company to be more effective and reach it customers with easy and on time.It also allows the company to respond to its customers’ demands and need more effectively as Dr Martin Wintrkorn chairman of the Board of the management of Audi AG underlines in his speech in the 2004. The company has a strong sales network in Britain that which has ensured the company’s sales remains at the top.He further notes that due to this strong sales network, the company has managed to steady growth rate over 7% in UK. The sales network of the company includes company auto shop that are located in major town and places in the country, and mobile units that serve to deliver cars directly to the customer.Cycle lifeThe company takes almost six months to be able to produce a new model on the market, the design department and the engineering departments are involved in creating new models. A new model is normal based on technology improvement in terms of safety, fuel efficiency.For example, in 1980 Audi manufactured a four wheel car named â€Å"Quattro† which was turbocharged coupe. It took them six months to advance it from the first ge neration of S4 to the new generation of S6. General this period mat also vary according to the technological improvement that the company will undertake.Advertising practicesAdvertising is an important marketing tool which is commonly used to market new and existing products. Advertisement process requires huge investments. There are various forms of advertisements; media such as television, radio and newspapers, posters and road shows. The company utilizes all the forms mentions above, to improve its sales.Advertisement is important as it creates awareness of the company’s products and well as keeping the customers informed. Advertisement is on form of market promotion that the company undertakes to promote its new model on the market. Promotion of new models can be carried out in different forms and the most common one is through product life cycle. (Michael, 1985)Audi has undertaken different promotional activities to ensure that its products are marketed to wide areas. Th e company has a sponsorship deal with Manchester United a foot club in UK as part of its promotion activities. Audi Company also is the official car dealer of the club, and some players like Wayne Rooney, Rio Ferninard and many more drive around in Audi cars.This highly markets the company’s cars. Apart from football the company also is involved in various other sports, giving its support to motor sports and polo game.The company has continued to concentrate on the markets in the UK, as the chairman of Audi Auto Company in UK, Dr. Martin Winterkon pointed out UK market is the biggest for Audi outside Germany and Audi will continue to strive to improve its sales as shown in the last six years. (Audi Auto Company, 2007)The diagram below explains the cycle which products can behave in the global market when it is introduced to the market. It starts from the introduction, growth, maturity and finally the decline when the consumers are fully aware of the products and services and there is no need for further promotions.

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

THE MOLECULAR BASIS OF INHERITANCE I. History A. Discovery of â€Å"transformation† – a change in genotype and phenotype due to the uptake of external DNA by a cell 1. Griffith 1920s did experiments with Streptococcus pneumoniae (p294 fig16. 2) a. took two strains of S. pneumoniae, one virulent, one not b. heat killed virulent strain, then mixed them with the living nonvirulent strain c. living nonvirulent strain became virulent d. nonvirulent strain took on virulent strain’s DNA ? became virulent e. see p294 fig16. 2 S strain = virulent, R = nonvirulent f. ventually Griffith’s work lead way to more studies on DNA being the carrier of genetic info. B. Proof that viral DNA and not viral protein contains genetic information to make more viral particles 1. Hershey and Chase 1950s p295 fig16. 4 a. knew that viruses could infect bacteria and make more viruses using the host cell’s replicating ‘machinery’ b. background: sulfur gets incorporat ed into virus’ protein/phosphorus into virus’ DNA c. took T4 (bacteriophage) and plated with a lawn of E. coli and radioactively labeled sulfur, result = T4 with radioactive labeled protein (DNA not labeled) d. took T4 and plated with E. oli and radioactively labeled phosphorus = T4 with radioactively labeled DNA (protein not labeled) e. background: when virus + bacteria is spun down, viral particles in supernatant and bacteria in pellet f. took T4 (S-labeled) infected new E. coli lawn, spun down, found S-radioactive labels in supernatant g. took T4 (P-labeled) infected new E. coli lawn, spun down, found P-radioactive labels in pellet h. result = it’s the DNA that’s injected into the host to make more virus (even plated these spun down pellet bacteria, and they lysed and released new virus C. Discovery of the structure of DNA 1. Watson and Crick a. used an x-ray crystallography picture (p297) by Franklin to determine DNA as a double-helical structure b. review p298 – A pairs with T and G with C/ A and G are purines and C and T are pyrimidines/double hydrogen bonds between A and T, and triple between G and C II. DNA Replication A. 3 models of DNA replication p300 fig 16. 10 1. Conservative model – the parental helix splits, copies, then goes back together again to remain intact while a second entirely new copy is made 2. Semiconservative model – the parental helix splits, copies and remains a part of the two new helixes 3. Dispersive model – the parental helix splits unevenly, copies and remains a part of the two new helixes but in pieces B. Experimental proof p300 fig16. 11 1. added radioactively labeled heavy nitrogen to replicating bacteria, then placed this culture into radioactively labeled light nitrogen (used to distinguish strands) 2. allowed bacteria to replicate again, results gave hybrid DNA strands (ruled out conservative model) (note: both hybrids half and half and totally mixed look the same, so semiconservative and dispersive models both upheld this time- see below) 3. llowed bacteria to replicate again, results gave hybrid strands and only light double strands (ruled out dispersive model since all should be mixed if this was right) C. Origins of replication p301 fig16. 12 1. origin of replication – site where DNA replication begins a. proteins recognize a specific sequence on the template DNA, open the dsDNA to make a bubble, and begin replication b. replication fork †“ location on DNA strand where new DNA strand is growing 1. prokaryotes plasmid (single circular dsDNA helix) have one origin of replication and replication occurs in both directions 2. ukaryotes have linear dsDNA have many origins and replication occurs in both directions D. Elongation of new DNA 1. DNA polymerase – enzyme that synthesizes the new DNA strand by adding nucleotides to the growing strand 2. DNA polymerase receives energy to do this by nucleotides being nucleoside triphosphate (CTP, GTP, ATP, TTP) since they lose Pii = exergonic reaction to supply energy E. DNA is antiparallel p302 1. carbon numbering – carbon attached to base is 1’, count clockwise, carbon attached to phosphate group is 3’, carbon attached to other phosphate group is 5’ 2. be able to find 5’ vs 3’ end . (p302 fig 16. 14) replication occurs 5’ ? 3’, so strand being made in this direction is called the leading strand and replication occurs toward the replication fork 4. lagging strand is replication that occurs 5’ ? 3’ but replication moves away from the replication fork a. lagging strand produces Okazaki fragments which must be connected with DNA ligase p303 fig 16. 15 F. Priming DNA synthesis (getting replication started) p303 fig16. 15 1. primer – existing RNA polynucleotide on the template DNA strand since DNA polymerase cannot just start adding new nucleotides on its own a. rimer is laid down by enzyme primase b. only one primer required for leading strand to begin synthesizing/new RNA primer required for each lagging strand beginning c. DNA polymerase eventually replaces RNA nucleotides with DNA ones and occurs before ligase connects any lagging DNA strands G. Other assisting proteins 1. helicase – enzyme that unwinds dsDNA at the replication form 2. single-strand binding proteins – hold apart template DNA while replication occurs **FINAL GOOD SUMMARY P304 fig 16. 16 III. DNA Proofreading and Repair A. Mismatch repair 1. as DNA polymerase lays down nucleotides, if it notices a mismatched one to template, will remove and replace with correct one 2. Excision repair p305 fig16. 17: consists of nuclease – enzyme that can cut out damaged segments of a DNA strand, then new nucleotides are filled in based on what the other DNA strand sequence is by DNA polymerase and ligase IV. Replication of the ends of DNA strands p306 fig16. 18 A. DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides to a 3’ end (since it grows in a 5’ ? 3’ direction) B. For lagging strand, there is no problem since it replaces RNA primer and joins DNA with ligase C. For leading strand, there is a problem, since the 3’ end of the template strand has a RNA primer, which cannot be replaced with DNA nucleotides (by DNA polymerase) since there is no 3’ end to start from (DNA polymerase cannot just add nucleotides opposite of the DNA template strand – must use a RNA primer) D. This results in successive replicated strands becoming shorter and shorter – the remedy? E. Telomeres – eukaryotic cells have short repetitive nucleotide sequences that do not code for anything 1. elomeres protect the cell from false alarms that there is DNA damage and cause the cell to die since losing these ends don’t mean anything (note that prokaryotes do not have this problem since their DNA is circular with no â€Å"end†) 2. but when telomeres are lost, are they replaced? Yes by telomerase – enzyme that works in conjuncti on with DNA polymerase to add length to telomeres a. p306 fig16. 19 have shortened â€Å"just made† DNA strand b. telomerase is associated with an RNA strand and DNA polymerase c. telomerase lines up the RNA strand with the 3’ DNA strand to serve as a template to have the 3’ end grow d. hen the RNA strand serves as a primer for new growth onto the 5’ strand, then the primer is removed e. result is an elongated DNA strand that was shorted during replication *telomerase is not present in most cells of multicellular organisms (like us) *DNA of older individuals tends to be shorter *telomerase is abundant in germ line cells – those that give rise to gametes *researchers find telomerase in cancer cells – makes sense since these cells replicate often and would have very short DNA (possible cancer therapy is to target their telomerase)

Brown Vs. Board Comes Up Again Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Brown Vs. Board Comes Up Again - Essay Example The other side argues that they are trying to integrate schools as said by Brown vs. Board. They see it as trying to keep segregation from happening, not making it happen. The case was defeated in two smaller courts, but now is in the hands of the Supreme Court. Ethically, the lines between the two sides are muddled, unclear, and hard to walk. The most taken ethical standpoint is that all segregation is wrong. The idea that segregation is ethical would not cross many minds at all. In fact, the ideas of ethics combat the very ideals of segregation the core. Segregation always makes one side left out and short changed, not a very ethical stand point at all. The Supreme Court has huge ethical obligations here. The Supreme Court is the highest judicial power in the country, and being so its rulings at looked at with great esteem and should be made with the proper wisdom and patience of any such huge decision. The Courts also have the ethical obligation to review all the facts and the stories of both sides, to make sure that this case is done fairly and receives its proper due process of law. Ethically the people on the court have a duty to the people in the case, the people on each side of the argument, and really the entire country. If an incorrect or hasty decision was to be made, the ill effects would ripple through the country, and possibly have ill effects on the future and other decisions. The image of the Court as a high ruling power may also be tarnished if the proper ethical obligations are not held. This ruling is to have far reaching effects, as it turns out many schools use such programs to help keep schools even. How ever, is it fair to say that a policy that tries to support integration is unfair to some kids If kids are not allowed in a school because of color, that is segregation. However, maybe the policy simply needs to be revised and looked at, and parts of it change. I do not think the parents are upset over the entire policy, just the fact of the affirmative action and their kids not being accepted based on color. The obligations of the court must be to the Constitution and other ethical material. This ruling could affect many school policies, and could also have the potential to stop affirmative action for students of color on the high school, or any level. This is going to be an interesting case, and the outcome will be a milestone for the future of affirmative action

Sex, leisure and commodity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Sex, leisure and commodity - Essay Example enough that it stands parallel with time and social revolution.’ Guess advertising, in its crucial role to tap the mainstream of commerce, knows exactly the heart of what more than meets the reality, as essentially flowing and easy to engage public’s good opinion in view and feel of inevitable trend, wherein buying attitude is thereafter induced, following a ‘natural desire to possess’ at depth. Hence, the key to the best consequence may convincingly be placing nature on the very spot and everything else just magnifies into it and makes certain so, the shape of a profitable commodity. human nature, openly confessed to be a conventionally tolerated idea of ‘sexy and fabulous clothing.’ Breaking through the initial layer or impression, however, a more profound aspect of human nature, of lust and sex, every so often implicit by norm, is revealed. At first encounter, the picture makes a viewer critical of the correct statement of fashion (based primarily on the mutual notion about the brand) eyeing details on how pleasant or striking coordinates ought to accumulate in harmony with reference to each model’s garment pieces and accessories. Altogether, the quiet story is such that the trousers, or the fashion core at the lower half bears attraction to be perceived at the upper half. One may undeniably infer that while each pronounced object flashes from its place with intensity, the more enticing element takes form from beyond the attention to social confidence as the obvious matter. In the middle of consciousness, overall gestures provoke, first holding still then snapping into a moment fluid with so much passion, that the observation evolves ‘fetish’ from ‘plain’, setting the viewer to read the message on an imagining dimension where further reflection of the label’s means proceeds libidinously. It is conspicuous that the

Critical Analysis of studies regarding Austim and whether vaccinations Essay

Critical Analysis of studies regarding Austim and whether vaccinations are the cause - Essay Example the disorder is not been linked to ignorance or carelessness but is linked to MMR vaccination, which is used to immunize children against measles, mumps and rubella. It is hypothesized that since 1980, when the vaccinations was made available to people from all the classes in the society, the development in autism has increased substantially (KNOW. . ., n.d., para 5). Not only that, but because of this hypothesis, parents are concerned about the reliability of the vaccination to such an extend that even the scientific studies contradicting this hypothesis are not helping to develop trust in safety of vaccines. There are numerous studies conducted by scientists and researchers to find if MMR vaccine causes development of autism and most of the studies have found no evidence of relationship between MMR vaccine and increase in risk of developing autism. Smeeth et al., in their article ‘MMR vaccination and pervasive developmental disorders: a case-control study’, describe a study conducted to find out if there was any relationship between the MMR vaccine and the increase in the risk of autism. The intention of the study was to see if MMR vaccine causes autism (Smeeth et al., 2004, p.963). The method that was used to study if an increase in risk of autism or other PDD’s is associated with MMR vaccine was a case control method(Smeeth et al., 2004, p.963). The data of the population for study was taken from UK General Practice Research Database (GPRD), which was set up in 1987. The strength of this study was the availability of the data that consisted of electronic clinical records of the patients registered with all the practices in England and Wales and hence, was not limited (Smeeth et al., 2004, p.963). The data also

Human Resources in Organisation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Human Resources in Organisation - Essay Example Had the management drafted a detailed employment contract where a proper notice period was outlined, the process of dismissing Karen would have been very easy. However, upon reasonable notice, the human resource manager can always terminate the employment of an employee should the employee become a bother within the company (Henry, 1999). In any company, a reasonable notice period for an employment to be terminated will depend on how senior the employee is, the length of service, their age, remuneration, etc (John, 2008). Catastrophe Concepts can use the statutory minimum notice period where for the case of Karen who have worked with the company for eight years, two weeks for the first three years and a week every year for the remaining five years are the minimum time that the company can give to Karen as the notice period. This sums to a total of eight weeks notice period that the company must give to Karen in order to successfully terminate the employment. If the employment is term inated without this period on notice, Karen has a right to sue the company for wrongful dismissal. The company may be required to pay compensation for wrongfully dismissing her.Instant DismissalIf Catastrophe Concepts want Karen to stop working immediately, instant dismissal is the most effective. The reason for this could be that the management is worried that Karen may not work effectively in the company if she is allowed to remain in the company knowing that she is just about to leave not willingly but being dismissed by the company. The management could also be worried that Karen may be disruptive in the work place and may even disrupt the operations of the machines so that poor quality products may be produced. However, for instant dismissal, the company will have to pay a particular amount of money for compensation for their failure to give notice. This payment is also known as a sum in lieu of notice. Since there was no detailed employment contract for the case of Karen, the payment made will be tax-free and will be up to a limit of '30,000 and national insurance deductions will not be included (John, 2008). When the calculations for the amount will be made, Karen's benefits such as the car will have to be included in addition to her salary

Job Satisfaction Survey Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Job Satisfaction Survey - Essay Example It presents a well-rounded picture of our current workforce and can offer some insight into improving employee job satisfaction. While this survey focused on job satisfaction, this approach could have many applications to our business. A similar survey could be used to design benefits packages or incentive programs. A wider range of options could be offered that would be more appealing to different age, gender, and demographic groups. In addition, it may serve to uncover the sources of dissatisfaction, which could be addressed and corrected. An example would be if a future survey were to reveal that single parents were less satisfied due to a lack of day care, the firm could consider adding that as a benefit. However, the company must keep in mind the legal requirements for hiring and not discriminate against any particular demographic group. Some of the highlights of the survey revealed some interesting factors about our workforce. Currently we have a workforce that is comprised of 62% females and 38% males. Most of these employees (59.6%) are employed in the administration department. The information department has 36.4% of the workforce with the remaining 4% employed in human resources. The administration department has a greater percentage of male employees. While males only comprise 38% of the total workforce, they make-up 41% of the administration department. ... Eighteen percent of the female workforce has tenure greater than 5 years, while males in the same category are 16.8%. The percentage of females and males with less than 2 years tenure is roughly equal with 59.4% and 60% respectively. In the area of job satisfaction, male and females are similar in their overall job satisfaction rating. Males had a mean overall score of 4.2 while females had 4.3. However, there was some variance in the intrinsic and extrinsic portion of the survey. Males had a higher mean score for intrinsic satisfaction outscoring females 4.8 to 4.3. However, females scored extrinsic satisfaction higher by a mean score 5.4 to the male's 4.9 rating. The benefits portion was females 4.9 mean rating and males 5.1. It should be noted that 10.7% of the workers employed less than 2 years had an overall satisfaction of 6 or higher, while this number reduced to 6.8% of the workers who had greater than 5 years tenure. If we were to select one person at random from the workforce, there is a 66.4% chance that the person would be between 22 an 49 years of age. Of the workforce, 153 members rated the overall satisfaction at 4.7 or less. This represents 61.2% of the total employees. Again, if were to pick a person at random there is a 13.2% chance that the employee will be male and in the information department. In the category of intrinsic satisfaction, 14% of the hourly employees rated the category at 6 or higher. In conclusion, these results can be useful in designing programs and facilities that will improve the job satisfaction for the workforce. It may be helpful to understand why females have a higher mean score on extrinsic satisfaction, while

Marketing Environment of Hugs & co Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marketing Environment of Hugs & co - Essay Example Hugs take into deep consideration the natural resources within its environment to protect its interest in raw materials. This significantly improves its entrepreneurial opportunities and in the process their sales and revenue are increased (Ferrell & Hartline, 2011,p.122). According to Rhodes (2002), Hugo & Co Company is tremendously influenced by the political and legal factors. These factors are necessary in the marketing process because the company is involved in international operations. The Company exports and imports goods from different countries, therefore, require a conducive political and legal atmosphere to promote the ease of marketing of their products. However, the political and legal factors can negatively affect the operations of Hugo & Co Company by their unfair policy which leads to a depreciation in the profits and revenue within the company. Hugs & Co Shoe Company belongs to the B2C market because of it’s the demographics and psychographs in use and also th e consumer behavior of the majority of its customers. The consumers are drawn towards the product produced by the company because of the numerous advantages and usefulness of the loafer-shoes produced by the company. The company use the psychographs to allow them take into account their customers interest, values and attitudes, whereas, the demographics are resourceful in providing for company in classifying their buyers, therefore creating value for them through the products they offer. This might involve providing information relating to targeted audience age, income or social class. Competition Analysis of of Hugs & Co Shoe Company Hugo has both weakness and strength that...This has greatly influenced the brand name positively, therefore attracting new and retaining existing customers of the product brand produced by the company. In addition, Hugo has the opportunity of competing favorably compared to other products because they are diverse in their products. However, Hugo & Co C ompany is vulnerable to other companies because the management finds it difficult to accept change within the company. This is a destructive tool because new companies come up with more technological advanced products and are also flexible enough to conduct their operations with the changes in time and even environment. Hugo Co & Company is also not well advanced in marketing ways and in the process are not good attracting new customers to their product. This tremendously affects negatively their ability to compete favorably in both local and international markets (Mcdonald, Smith & Ward, 2007, 229). Hugo Co & Company faces stiff competition from other companies in London producing male footwear. These companies include Alfred Sargent which manufactures males’ shoes and is based in Rushden, Northants. The second major competitor is the Sanders and Sanders Company producing males formal and leisure shoes and is based in Rushden. Lastly, Grenson acts as the third major competit or of Hugo Co & Company by producing a verse range of male shoes and boots.

Comparison of Democratic and Republican Ideals Research Paper

Comparison of Democratic and Republican Ideals - Research Paper Example This essay outlines that in 1792, over 200 years ago, Thomas Jefferson founded the Democratic Party. According to the Democratic Party principles, the party is committed to helping the alienated, the disfranchised and the poor through provision of a government framework that provides them with the opportunity to earn a piece of the American Dream. In this regard, the Democrats pledge to provide a stable government that is relevant to all aspects of human need. The fort of Democratic Party, thus, rests on the strength and power of socially diverse citizens.This discussion stresses that the Republican Party was founded in the 1850s. Its first president was Abraham Lincoln. He advocated noninterference of the government in whatever people did. They held on to the White House for about 60 of the next 100 years and have since survived as one of today’s two major parties. Modern day ideologies of the Republican can be demonstrated by the presidency of Ronald Reagan. When he assumed power in the early 1980s, Americans were in an economic recession with a series of policy failures in 1970s. He initiated large tax decreases and tightened the foreign policies in order to lead to a strong and consistent economic growth. This ultimately saw the fall of the Soviet Union.  The Democrats follow the liberal philosophy which enhances the government’s role in regulation of the economy. Its another principle is the redistribution of income and wealth to the benefit of the needy.

Network security Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Network security - Research Paper Example This study proposes a number of ad hoc network protocols that will operate during on-demand basis or situations because on-demand protocols are known to have faster reaction and lower overhead compared to other routing protocols considering proactive mechanisms. Recently, there have been many developments as concerns mounting secure routing protocols for ad hoc networks incorporating a significant number of on-demand secure routing protocols to shield a number of probable attacks. In this study, a new attack that causes denial of service when exposed to all the previous on-demand network protocols is presented; it is referred to as rushing attack. Ad hoc network protocols like AODV and DSR with all security protocols imposed on them can’t discover routes which are longer than 2 hops when subjected to this attack. This is a serious attack because it can be propagated by even relatively very weak attackers. This study pays close attention to the setbacks that previous protocols had hence failing to counter this grave attack and come up with a RAP (Rushing Attack Prevention) which is a standard protection against on-demand protocols rushing attack. This protection provides a provable security feature to weak and even the stronger rushing attackers at no cost provided the underlying protocol does not fail to identify the working route. Topic description Nowadays the WSNs or Wireless sensor networks is gaining a global interest of its usage of minimal power radio skills and microelectronic systems. Its Sensor nodes are able to use batteries as a major source of power as well as harness energy from the environment as the case of solar panels. However the wireless sensor network architecture for WSN like any other wireless technology, it is subjected to a number of security attacks because it uses broadcast way of a transmission channel. A number of limitations in including security in WSN are prevalent e.g. : communication, storage limitations, processing capa bilities and computation, therefore, to plan a security protocol one has to understand all these challenges if acceptable performance is to be achieved (C?ayirci and Rong 187-202). This study will therefore, elaborate certain kinds of attacks over the ad hoc and wireless sensor networks as well as doing security analysis of the main routing protocols in these networks as pertains security goals and design. Ad hoc network can be described as a group of mobile nodes or computers that collaborate with each other by forwarding packets to each other; this enables them to extend their limited communication range for each computer’s wireless network interface. This study shall produce a number of established protocols in ad hoc networks. These networks are mostly preferred in situations where the communicating computers are mobile and wired network use is not economical or generally not present. These nodes may run applications from un-trusted sources and therefore a need of a secur e routing protocol. Secure routing protocols shouldn’t only be implemented only because of known attackers but even for the unforeseen ones because it will provide resilience to misconfigured computers. Routing tables for misconfigured nodes poses a

Types of Soil Essay Example for Free

Types of Soil Essay This is how one sixth-grader describes the way of playing video games. Such video games can seem like harmless fun, but what if the violence gets personal and addicts young teenagers, affecting their behavior and their view of reality? Some studies have shown that violent game players just do not leave it there on their game screens; they transfer the violent acts they get attached to, to the real world. Violent games have been shown to increase game player’s quest to experiment how all that stuff will look like in the real world. There is no doubt that violent video games have no effect on certain people, but for the most and especially in teenagers, the effects are negative and have led to fatalities and destruction of properties in certain instances. Although some parents claim that violence video games have bad effects on teenagers because they’re behavior changes, teenagers play too much violent games because they are very addicting. Some parents say that violent video games have bad effects on young teenagers. But most video- game players have normal lives. Most important, just because a player does not instantly take or follow violence found in video games does not mean the games will not have negative result on that player’s views and behavior. The violent games will have negative effects on teenagers. Young teenager’s behavior will have a big change. Because of this case, parents should be responsible for buying video games and should forbid young teenagers from buying those games that are violent. If parents do not take the responsibility than teenagers do not know what they are doing and what is good for them. Before teenagers take a big wrong step, parents should be there to take care of the situation. I have a little nephew in seventh grade and he loves violence video games. He loves playing call of duty. My aunt always gives him the money to buy any game that he likes. He loves the smell of money. She never checks to see what game he might have bought. Because of her not being responsible, my little cousin always gets into school fights with other children. So every parent must be responsible for their own child. Some parents say that violent video games have bad effects on young teenagers because a number of people claim that playing a violent video game does present a bad threat to user’s health. For an example, I have a younger brother who is seventeen years old. He loves playing violent video games. Every day, when he is home from school with his spiky brown hair, he starts playing the WrestleMania game. He does not eat anything and he talks to himself while playing the game. He does not realize that his behavior is changing by playing violent video games. One time, he tried to kick me in my stomach but a police man saw him and told him to stop. My parents made him quit playing violent video-games. Ever since he stopped playing violent video games his behavior has changed a lot. He now realizes he was out of control and it is all because of the violent video games. He sold his Xbox to one of his close friends. I am glad my parents took good care of it because it is their responsibility to look after their son. Some parents say that violent video games have bad effects on young teenagers because; there was a shooting in Colorado movie theatre. Twelve people were killed and fifty eight were injured by a graduate student. The guy who killed all these people was a very educated man. But he lost his sense of humor. He was out of control. People thought that the shooting was a part of the movie also. He was dressed up as the joker from the movie batman. Later the doctors found out he had some type of brain damage watching too much violent movies and playing games. So, he was not okay in his head. His behavior made so many people lose their lives. So many people lost their loved ones that day. And again violent community and games can damage people’s brains. Some parents say that violent video games have good effects on young teenagers because violent games can be new information to some teenagers, because it is something new and different from their daily lifestyle. They think violent games can help their child with memorization because it provides pretty text to look at. The video games have nice graphics for teenagers. It helps a teenager look at new information and advances them. Some parents think that teenagers learn better by looking at graphics and text that are provided by violent games. Parents think new and different inspires teenagers and games inspire them in a good way. But mostly business owner parents are saying this. But at the end of the day, it is every parent’s job to be responsible for their own child. Parents should pay more attention to their children while children are playing violent video games.

Solutions and Requirements of Project Essay Example for Free

Solutions and Requirements of Project Essay Solutions The best solutions for the problems the college is facing is as follows: Creation of a Web Presentation: This will involve a brief presentation about the college showing the facilities, the area and people, transportation, courses, Fees, Support, News and Event, Student Union and Links to other institution for higher education. The presentation will be made in a slide view mode and would be accessed on the web using the address or the domain name used. Images the existing tutors and student will be put in the slide to make it attractive and the logo will be placed on every slide background. Open days times will be shown on the presentation and any job vacancy will be advertise on the web presentation. This is will be a solution to the problems facing the college but would need a lot of updating and work. Creation of a Website: This website would shows all Departments; at least one division of which would show all the courses offered. The site would fit the purpose for which it was designed using of a wide variety of techniques and showing accuracy in its content, construction and organization. The site would give an accurate impression of what a full site would look like. It must include: * An introductory page (this may be the home page or could be separate) * A page on each department of the college indicating sub divisions (eg Business ICT/Travel Tourism/Business Studies) * Information on all courses in a particular division (ICT) * Facilities/campus (a slideshow might be useful here, perhaps a map linking to images) * Student union * News (indicating events, perhaps a video of a music event) * Equal opportunities * Contact details * Location Travel details * An application form Requirements The following are the requirements of the project: i. Web server I would need a server to be able to upload the website which is JANET(JOINT ACADEMIC NETWORK) because it is specifically designed for colleges and is very reliable. The main reason why I chose Janet because it provides the following resources shown below: * Has Windows Server 2003 and Linus Hosting * Has a web space to upload the website content using FTP and Microsoft FrontPage * Has 5GB storage space per hosted domain with an option to purchase additional web space if required * Has a daily backups of user data and a simple process for recovering backup data * Provides technical reports on the hosted domain Web space, back up ,security, FTP accessibility, fast connection , scripting and technical support services are all included in the features of the JANET. ii. Dream weaver Dream weaver is the market leader and automates or semi-automates almost every command, action and behaviour most web designer would want to use. Specific scripting can be added to web pages to perform certain actions or behaviours such as hit counters (these are often server side and require scripts that particular servers understand). Colours used have to be web safe and are built into most programs. Images have to be rgb/jpg or indexed/gif. Videos can be of various formats but tend to be mpg, wmv, avi and may require specific codecs to be read properly by individual pcs. Animations are generally created by using animated gifs or created in Flash though some can be purely created using type such as scrolling marquees). Audio files are generally wav, wma, mpg or ram but again there are many other formats which may be used and may need specific codecs. File management of web sites must be organised properly or they will not work efficiently. Dream weaver allows uploading to remote si te (server) via the software but most programs do not allow this so a separate ftp program is generally needed. Therefore I chose to use dream weaver because web authoring can be done by any text based program but specialist software programs have been developed to dispense with the extremely tedious method of writing html code. iii. Copyright Security Issues Copyright and security issues should be observed so that the college wouldnt suffer from any complaints. All images should be authorised by the college board to avoid these issues. iv. System Framework The initial site is designed according to the way the pages will be linked and the pages which will be available. Site is another name for the system framework. v. Constraints I would need a n FTP address in order to upload the site which is sometime difficult to get hold off due to security reasons. The budget for the budget is 10000 and should be up and running by summer.

Emotional Intelligence and Transformational Leadership

Emotional Intelligence and Transformational Leadership The title of the research is the Relationship between emotional intelligence and transformational leadership. The first article is discussing about the critical examination of the relationship between emotional intelligence and transformational leadership by the author of Dirk Lindebaum and Susan Cartwright. The second article is discussing about the relationship between emotional intelligence and transformational leadership style and gender comparison of leadership style by the author of Barbara Mandell and Shilpa Pherwani. The purpose of this research is to study the relationship between the emotional intelligence and transformational leadership. This topic is very interesting because it is describing the relationship between the management and psychology. Objectives of this research is to evaluate the relationship between the emotional intelligence and transformational leadership, gender comparison of the leadership style, have contributed to the construct of emotional intelligenc e and its importance in the workplace, comparison and contrast between the two articles. In this research I am going to discuss about how they are relating emotional intelligence and transformational leadership? How they are describing emotional intelligence? And what is the difference between the transactional leadership and transformational leadership? Then how they are analyzing and discussing the relationship between emotional intelligence and transformational leadership in the organization? Dirk Lindebaum and Susan Cartwright article seeks to remedy this efficiency. First, it provides a rationale for utilizing a particular conceptualization of Emotional Intelligence. Second, it synthesizes the theoretical concepts of Emotional intelligence and Transformational leadership and offers an overview of empirical studies that have investigated the interface between the two. It then proceeds to explain briefly the methodological concerns related to common method variance and the implications for research designs. The resultant design of this study explores the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and Transformational leadership (TFL), taking account of common method variance (CMV). Finally, the article discusses its findings in relation to previous studies, its limitations, and recommendations for future research (DirkLindebaum SusanCartwright). The Barbara Mandell and Shilpa Pherwani article is providing the types of intelligence, types of mental abilities, models of emotional intelligence, comparison between transactional leadership and transformational leadership, gender comparison of leadership style, measurement instruments, and statistical analysis. In Each article the Mayer and Salovey are giving the definition for emotional intelligence is different in different years. First article is showing the definition of Mayer and Salovey in 1997, they defined Emotional intelligence as, (Mayer Salovey, 1997) ability to perceive accurately, appraise, and express emotion; the ability to access and/or generate feelings when they facilitate thought; the ability to understand emotion and emotional knowledge; and the ability to regulate emotions to promote emotional and intellectual grow. In second article has taken the definition of emotional intelligence from Mayer and Salovey in the year of 1990. Mayer and Salovey defined as, (Mayer Salovey, 1990) emotional intelligence as the ability to monitor ones own and others feelings and emotions, to discriminate among them and to use this information to guide ones own thinking and actions. Both articles are captured the imagination of management scholars and psychologist: emotional intelligence ( EI) and Transformational leadership (TFL). According to Dirk Lindebaum and Susan Cartwright article Emotional intelligence explains 34 percent of the variance in a measure of Transformational leadership (Butler Chinowsky, 2006), which is an above-average percentage in social science research. Both articles are discussing two models of emotional intelligence. In Dirk and Susan article specifying two types of emotional intelligence that are, trait emotional intelligence and ability emotional intelligence. According to Petrides et al. (2007, p.273), trait emotional intelligence defined as emotion-related dispositions and self-perceptions. Trait emotional intelligence relies upon self-report measure (e.g. the Emotional Quotient Inventory, EQ-i) and assesses typical or preferred modes of behavior, whereas the latter uses ability measures (e.g. the Mayor-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test, MSCEIT), with right or wrong answers, and refers to maximum performance in processing emotional information. (Mayer Salovey, 1997). Ho wever, representatives of both the trait and ability Emotional intelligence approach maintain that considerable progress of their respective conceptualization has been achieved in recent years (Mayer, et al., Petrides et al., 2004). According to Barbara Mandell and Shilpa Pherwani two models of emotional intelligence have emerged, these are ability model and mixed model. The ability model defines emotional intelligence as a set of abilities that involves perceiving and reasoning abstractly with information that emerges from feelings. This model has been supported by the researcher of Mayer, Caruso and Salovey (1999); Mayer, DiPaolo, and Salovey (1990); Mayer and Salovey (1993, 1997); and Salovey and Mayer (1990). The mixed model defines emotional intelligence as ability with social behaviors, traits and competencies. This model has found in the writing of Goleman (1995, 1998) and Bar-on (1997). In Dirk and Susan article synthesizing emotional intelligence and transformational leadership this is explored first with regard to the conceptual proximity between emotional intelligence and transformational leadership, followed by empirical studies that examined their relationship. Whilst transformational leadership has been variously defined, Burns (1978) characterizes the transformational leaders as someone who looks for potential followers, seeks to satisfy higher needs, and engages the full person of the followers (p.4). He goes on to suggest that the result is a relationship of mutual stimulation and elevation that converts followers into leaders and may convert leaders into moral agents. Bass and Avolio (Bass Avolio, 1994) have refined earlier research on Transformational leader (e.g. Bass, 1985) and deconstructed the concept into four components. These are denoted as: idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individualized consideration. Transformational leaders use inspirational motivation to communicate high expectations, often drawing on symbolic messages to provide meaning to their followers work (Bass, 1990). Barbara and Shilpa article describing the transformational leadership of two authors like Bass and Avolio. They defined transformational leadership as leadership that occurs when the leader stimulates the interest among colleagues and followers to view their work from a new prospective. According to Barbara and Shilpa the transformational leader generates awareness of the mission or vision of the organization, and develops colleagues and followers to higher levels of ability and potential. In addition, the transformational leader motivates colleagues and followers to look beyond their own interest towards interest that will benefit the group. In comparison to transformational leadership, Bass and Avolio (Bass Avolio, 1994) described transactional leadership occurring when the leader rewards or disciplines the follower with regards to performance. Burns (Burns, 1978) described transactional leaders as leaders that emphasize work standards, assignment, and task-oriented goals. In addi tion, transactional leaders tend to focus on task completion and employee compliance, and these leaders rely quite heavily on organizational rewards and punishments to influence employee performance. Bass (Bass, 1997) suggested that transformational leaders (TFL) achieved higher levels of success in the workplace than transactional leaders (TAL). He noted that TF leaders were promoted more often and produced better financial results that TA leaders (Bass, 1997). Bass (Bass, 1997) also observed that employees rated TF leaders more satisfying and effective than TA leaders. Bass (Bar-On, 1997) would attribute transformational leaders superior work performance to high EQ-I scores. In recent years, numerous studies have examined empirically the link between emotional intelligence and transformational leadership. The literature review permits the classification of these studies into three prominent streams. Stream1 includes those studies that collected data concerning trait emotional intelligence and transformational leadership from the same source using self-report measures. Stream2 features studies that administered trait emotional intelligence and transformational leadership questionnaires to different raters. Finally, studies pertaining the stream3 used an ability-based measure of emotional intelligence and collected data relative to transformational leadership from a different source. (DirkLindebaum SusanCartwright). In addition Barbara and Shilpa were saying about gender comparison in their article. They specified as the researchers in the past have also looked at the gender differences for both transformational leadership style and emotional intelligence . Although past research on leadership style differences between men and women has been inconclusive, a review of research on leadership and gender consistently demonstrates that women leaders are often negatively evaluated in comparison to their male counterparts, especially when they employ an autocratic leadership style (Eagly, Makhijani, Klonsky, 1992). To analyzing the relationship between the emotional intelligence and transformational leadership both different authors are using the different analysis methods. Dirk and Susan were used two analysis methods. Barbara and Shilpa were used one analysis method. According to Dirk and Susan two subsidiary analysis methods were used by the researcher. These are (1) control for fixed effects and (2) examine the data using randomization. Controlling for fixed effects can be highly desirable as it ensures that estimates are more consistent. In second subsidiary analysis, randomization was used to further examine the relationship between trait emotional intelligence and transformational leadership across all data produced by the same source. According to Barbara and Shilpa hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to examine the predictive relationship between emotional intelligence and transformational leadership style. The analysis also used to examine interaction of gender with emotion al intelligence when predicting transformational leadership style. The analysis also helped the researchers identify gender differences in the relationship between emotional intelligence and transformational leadership style. Conclusion This research was designed to determine the predictive relationship between emotional intelligence and transformational leadership style, as well as determined the gender comparison of leadership style. I find types of analysis for evaluation of relationship between emotional intelligence and transformational leadership style. Finally I find types of emotional intelligence and conceptualization of emotional intelligence, three types of streams to determine relationship, characteristics of leadership, comparison between transactional and transformational leadership from both articles.

Medea :: essays research papers

The two Greek plays, Medea and Antigone both exhibit opening scenes that serve numerous purposes. Such as establishing loyalties, undermining assumptions on the part of the audience, foreshadowing the rest of the play, and outlining all of the issues. Medea and Antigone share many similarities in their openings.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Both plays begin with providing the audience with the history and the consequences of certain situations that the characters were involved in. It also brings the audience to the present time, in which the play occurs. This enables the audience to have a clear and refreshed image of what aspect of the legend the play emphasizes or if any alterations were made. In Medea, the nurse is the first character who enters the play and reminds the audience of the legend of the Golden Fleece, and the love between Jason and Medea, from beginning to the end. She also brings them to the present state Medea is in, which is of complete despair and depression after Jason remarried. â€Å"And she hates her children now, and feels no joy at seeing them.† (Oates, 292). In Antigone, one of the purposes of the chorus is to provide history to the audience. Although, Sophocles did change the structure a little. The first to enter the play are Antigone and Ismene, who are engaging i n conversation over defying the edict forbidding their brothers burial, which brings the audience to the present time. Shortly after, the chorus enters and recounts the reasons for the battle and death of Polyneices and Eteocles, brothers to Antigone and Ismene. The chorus appears every scene to serve as the voice of the culture, and counsels to the characters. â€Å"†¦Save those two of cruel fate, who, born of one sire and one mother, set against each other their twain conquering spears, and sharers in a common death.† (Oates, 192). While the chorus and the nurse recount the background of the story they simultaneously set the mood of the play. Their speeches are expressed with such deep emotion that the audience can’t help but become involved. The nurse in Medea sets a very tense mood that remains throughout the whole play. â€Å"I fear she may contrive some untoward scheme; for her mood is dangerous nor will she brook her cruel treatment.† (Oates, 292). Another similarity these two plays share is the defiance of the traditional role of women. The Greek culture was set in the role that women should take and it was rarely violated. Medea :: essays research papers The two Greek plays, Medea and Antigone both exhibit opening scenes that serve numerous purposes. Such as establishing loyalties, undermining assumptions on the part of the audience, foreshadowing the rest of the play, and outlining all of the issues. Medea and Antigone share many similarities in their openings.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Both plays begin with providing the audience with the history and the consequences of certain situations that the characters were involved in. It also brings the audience to the present time, in which the play occurs. This enables the audience to have a clear and refreshed image of what aspect of the legend the play emphasizes or if any alterations were made. In Medea, the nurse is the first character who enters the play and reminds the audience of the legend of the Golden Fleece, and the love between Jason and Medea, from beginning to the end. She also brings them to the present state Medea is in, which is of complete despair and depression after Jason remarried. â€Å"And she hates her children now, and feels no joy at seeing them.† (Oates, 292). In Antigone, one of the purposes of the chorus is to provide history to the audience. Although, Sophocles did change the structure a little. The first to enter the play are Antigone and Ismene, who are engaging i n conversation over defying the edict forbidding their brothers burial, which brings the audience to the present time. Shortly after, the chorus enters and recounts the reasons for the battle and death of Polyneices and Eteocles, brothers to Antigone and Ismene. The chorus appears every scene to serve as the voice of the culture, and counsels to the characters. â€Å"†¦Save those two of cruel fate, who, born of one sire and one mother, set against each other their twain conquering spears, and sharers in a common death.† (Oates, 192). While the chorus and the nurse recount the background of the story they simultaneously set the mood of the play. Their speeches are expressed with such deep emotion that the audience can’t help but become involved. The nurse in Medea sets a very tense mood that remains throughout the whole play. â€Å"I fear she may contrive some untoward scheme; for her mood is dangerous nor will she brook her cruel treatment.† (Oates, 292). Another similarity these two plays share is the defiance of the traditional role of women. The Greek culture was set in the role that women should take and it was rarely violated.

The Burden of Prejudice and Racism :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

The Burden of Racism The sizzling streams of sunlight were just beautifully glimmering down on the crisp green school yard. Such a wonderful day that was. Nothing could have ruined it. Little Jimmy, since it was such a wonderful day decided to go to the corner store and buy himself a little treat. As little Jimmy started walking over to the store, clouds flocked over the dazzling sun and the sudden pitch dark meant no trouble. On the other side of the road were three white boys from Jimmy's same school. Upon recognizing Jimmy, the boys ran over the street to where he was. "Hey Negro, what's up?", one of the white Boy said. "Did your mamma pack you enough to eat to-day?", another hooted. "Just leave me alone.", Little Jimmy said "Oh no, Jimmy's really getting pist off!?", the first boy retaliated. "Just shove off and let me be," Jimmy answered. "Now you’re gonna die, Nigger", one of the white Boy said. It is like this everyday, everywhere, and everytime, people suffer discrimination. All because they have differences amongst each other. Different beliefs, different cultures, different skin colour, all of these act like building blocks to help construct what we know as Racism. Racism has become one of the many burdens amongst multi-cultural worlds like Canada and the States. Racism is a part of each and every one of us. No doubt, we are all racist, but this the term racism has been used too loosely. Racism has been mutated to such an extent that it could be a reason for war, a symbol of terrorism, and even an excuse for neglecting. Is that all there is to it? No, actually it is just the beginning. Racism is just like warfare in which there is no shelter and nobody is neutral. Nobody is exempt from this demon. He has haunted us with a bitter curse. On one occasion I remember, nobody would play with me at school. I would walk around by myself and ask people if we could play together. Everywhere that I went, like the process of induction, everyone would avoid me. Like two inducted poles with the same polarity, they would just shimmer off into the distance and continue to do whatever they're doing. Because of racial differences, they neglect me. People are afraid of the unknown, and it is this difference amongst people that spread rumors and distrust amongst people. Corrupting our thoughts and reasons, we get accustomed to thinking differences are omens. Amongst smaller kids, there is no difficulty in getting them to all play together.

telecommunications :: essays research papers

Networking and Telecommunications Table of Contents Introduction Technology Involved Telephone System Network Setup Cost Sampling of Companies Possible Future Trends Global Implications Conclusion Introduction We have been hired to design a small network for a company that will utilize the newest technology out there and give each person the capability to work from the office as well as on the road. This company has ten people and will be working from home and on the road quite often. The best solution would be to set up a wireless network with additional security and the use if Internet Protocol phones. We will also make a push to hire a full time systems administrator to handle all the security issues and the overall maintenance of the network. First we need to stress the importance of a full time systems administrator to work from the site as well as on call 24 hours a day. We are going to use a wireless network as well as IP phones and from time to time they are going to experience connectivity issues as well as authentication problems logging into the servers remotely. The main point we must stress to the customer is the security issues that affect every network. The network will need constant monitoring and updates due to the nature of the business and the virtual private network that will be utilized for off site connectivity. Technology Involved The proposed hardware list will contain 3 physical servers, a Cisco router, 2 black and white laser printers, a color laser printer, 12 laptops, 12 IP phones, a server rack, cabling, and wireless PCMCIA cards. We want to make sure there are a few laptops and phones configured for users who are experiencing problems. This list will continue to grow as we start to install the network and get everything configured properly and continue on with the testing. We must also ensure we have the proper licensing for all the servers to include Microsoft Server 2003 and Microsoft Exchange. We will run Symantec Antivirus software on each of the laptops as well. Telephone System The telephone system that we are going to put into place is a Mitel system consisting of twelve 5220 IP phones. This system will consist of a voice mail system, and the ability to take your phone home and all your calls will be forwarded to that phone making it easier for our staff to work from home without the customers knowing. The hardware involved in the setup of this system is a PC for voice mail administration, and two switches. telecommunications :: essays research papers Networking and Telecommunications Table of Contents Introduction Technology Involved Telephone System Network Setup Cost Sampling of Companies Possible Future Trends Global Implications Conclusion Introduction We have been hired to design a small network for a company that will utilize the newest technology out there and give each person the capability to work from the office as well as on the road. This company has ten people and will be working from home and on the road quite often. The best solution would be to set up a wireless network with additional security and the use if Internet Protocol phones. We will also make a push to hire a full time systems administrator to handle all the security issues and the overall maintenance of the network. First we need to stress the importance of a full time systems administrator to work from the site as well as on call 24 hours a day. We are going to use a wireless network as well as IP phones and from time to time they are going to experience connectivity issues as well as authentication problems logging into the servers remotely. The main point we must stress to the customer is the security issues that affect every network. The network will need constant monitoring and updates due to the nature of the business and the virtual private network that will be utilized for off site connectivity. Technology Involved The proposed hardware list will contain 3 physical servers, a Cisco router, 2 black and white laser printers, a color laser printer, 12 laptops, 12 IP phones, a server rack, cabling, and wireless PCMCIA cards. We want to make sure there are a few laptops and phones configured for users who are experiencing problems. This list will continue to grow as we start to install the network and get everything configured properly and continue on with the testing. We must also ensure we have the proper licensing for all the servers to include Microsoft Server 2003 and Microsoft Exchange. We will run Symantec Antivirus software on each of the laptops as well. Telephone System The telephone system that we are going to put into place is a Mitel system consisting of twelve 5220 IP phones. This system will consist of a voice mail system, and the ability to take your phone home and all your calls will be forwarded to that phone making it easier for our staff to work from home without the customers knowing. The hardware involved in the setup of this system is a PC for voice mail administration, and two switches.

Behaviorism, Cognitivism and Considerativism

My observation from the classroom demonstrated that true different learning theories we had in this three session such as behaviorism, cognitivism and considerativism all of them include strengths and weaknesses. I tried to explain my perception through this schools of thoughts.BehaviorismIt focuses on two key factors stimulus and respons and disregards mental activities. Povlov, Watson, Thorndik and Skinner were the famous psychologists who widely promoted this theory. In classical conditioning a stimulus presented in order to get a response but in operant conditioning the response is made first then reinforcement follows. A noticeable weakness that I find in this method is that it can't explain the recognition of new language patterns by children for which there has been no reinforcement mechanisms for example in Persian we have â€Å"koshtondam or pazondam†. It neglects the consideration of genetics, heredity and personal perception. In order to control the class in this way teachers must apply positive and negative reinforcements to change students behavior and discourage disruptive behaviors.CognitivismIn cognitive theory the most important thing is internal mental process of the learner during the learning process. Against behaviorists that consider learning as a passive activity in this theory the role of learners is active and seeking meaning. J. piaget and L. vegotsky improved this theory. In this method teacher must create learning environment active and allowing students to apply previous knowledge.ConstructivismIn this theory learning is simply the process of adjusting our mental models accommodate new experiences in other word all new information linked to prior knowledge. The learners start with a complax problem and workout to discover the basic skills required to solve the problem. The role of instructors changes from teache r to facilitators. In this method theorists try to eliminate grades and testing. Teachers must provide engaging opportunities for students to make sense of the information via hand-on activities and discussions.Conclusion:There is no single best theory and each theory gas different aspect of teaching/learning process.

Environmental Law in New Zealand

purlieual Law in saucy Zea stain entry in the altogether Zealand is in an enviable state of affairs as it has been able to learn from the mistakes of other(a) nations, besides this does not mean disasterous surroundal issues cannot arise here. Fortunately hot Zealand has salutary established environmental laws with several(prenominal) legislative statutes and governmental authorities. Following international trends and heightened consciousness of environmental issues throughout the years the code has run increasingly integrated.Arising from international seek and humanity c at oncern new statutes throw off also been created the most significant of which is the imagery prudence puzzle out 1991 (RMA). Contributing Factors and Benefits forwards the RMA, New Zealand environmental law and its disposal was similar to that of m each an(prenominal) other countries, consisting of an concoction of uncoordinated and overlapping statutes, regulations and practices. The Soil preservation and Rivers Control hazard 1941 was the first of much(prenominal) legislative statutes centred on use of the land and imagings.Social change in the 1960s spurred ken of environmental issues in New Zealand with events such as the Save Manapouri conjure (1959-1972) opposing the ontogenesis of the hydro-electric scheme planned for Lake Manapouri. During this period several statutes were created, the Nature preservation Council transaction 1962 and the purlieu Council in 1970 ack at presentledging that sparing interests can practic every last(predicate)y override environmental concerns.The Save Manapori Campaign culminated in 1972 with a change of government, the impertinently elected Labour Government dress out about fulfilling its election promise of environmental reform creating the Commision for the surroundings. The agency later became the function of the Parliamentary Commisioner for the surround after the grounding of the surroundings Act 1986 establi shing the Ministry for the milieu. The Department of Conservation, the Ministry of Conservation and Fish and peppy were organize dead after with the implementation of the Conservation Act 1987.In January 1988, Deputy Prime Minister Geoffrey announce a comprehensive review of the mevery environment and choice acts in place, as well as the procedures for assessing environmental cause. This imaginativeness Mangagement Law Review (RMLR) was established to reference concerns by environmentalists and Maori who both believed the public lacked price of admission to information and the government had too a lot power.Along with inadequate protection of imagerys and little attendance to Maori and environmental values in economic decisions. The review was managed by the Ministry for the Environment comprehend Maori ideas of stewardship and sustainability it focused on existing New Zealand resource law and public reaction to deficiencies within those laws. The RMLR was drafted an d the ulterior Resource oversight Bill was put beforehand parliament but not passed into law before the 1990 general election.The victorious National company decided to continue the process of resource focusing reform. Minister for the Environment Simon Upton reviewed the score and to the surprise of many make it greener, ever-changing the point from its original objective of match economics and environment to constraining efficient objectives to suit the environment, embracing the approach of sustainable centering.Upton addressed parliament on his re-written RMA stating that its usage was not one of contolling and supply economic legal action but one of sustaining, rectifying and mitigating the effect on the use of congenital resources. The bill was passed in 1991 and has become the preeminant statute concerning the charge of the environment in New Zealand switch 69 Acts and 19 regulations, it describes sustainable management as (1) The purpose of this Act is to p ress the sustainable management of earthy and personal resources. 2) In this Act, sustainable management mover managing the use, development, and protection of natural and physical resources in a guidance, or at a rate, which enables people and communities to provide for their social, economic, and cultural social welf atomic number 18 and for their health and safety while (a) sustaining the authority of natural and physical resources (excluding minerals) to meet the moderately foreseeable needs of future generations and (b) safeguarding the life- livelihood expertness of air, water, soil, and ecosystems and (c) avoiding, remedying, or mitigating any adverse effects of activities on the environment. Ministry for the Environment, 2011). 2011 has also seen a progress addition to the RMA and environmental law in New Zealand with the implementation of the environmental security system Authority (EPA). The EPA will perform tasks once performed by the Ministry for the Environme nt, the Ministry of Economic Development, the Ministry of Foreign personal business and Trade and the Environmental Risk solicitude Authority. International Influences The 1970s was a time of increase international concern for the environment, this spawned the first join Nations Conference on the Human Environment in 1972.Representatives from 113 countries met for the first time to handle the state of the global environment. The conference culminated with the sign language of a declaration containing 26 principles concerning the environment and development, an action plan with 109 recommendations, and a contract (Baylis Smith, 2005). This action is widely seen as the stolon of modern political and public aw areness of global environmental issues, paving the way for further international collaborations such as the Kyoto Protocol of which New Zealand is a signatory and the realness Commission on Environment and Development .The Brundtland Commision previously known as the Worl d Commission on Environment and Development is perhaps the biggest international set on the creation of the RMA, convened by the f totally in Nations in 1983 the commision focused on the degredation of the environment and natural resources and the resulting consequences. In 1987 the commision released a level on the matter, titled Our Common incoming the news report centres on the concept of sustainable development and the political changes contractd to carry through it.New Zealands response to the report was that of agreeance, a report consisting of a step-by-step response to 12 areas of concern highlighted by the Commission was submitted to the united Nations General Assembly (McChesney, 1991). The Newly formed Ministry for the Environment was tasked with following up the Brundtland line which it did by means of RMLR resulting in the RMA in 1991. Role of the RMA in New Zealand The RMA is create on the idea of sustainable resource management, it encourages communities and individuals to become involved in planning for the future environment.The RMA provides the guidelines for how the environment should be managed specially how the environmental effects of our activities should be managed. In accordance with the RMA, regional and district councils are to monitor activities, and respond to complaints about those activities that the public believe are negatively change the environment. It is important to realise that the RMA is largely effects based, if the applicant can prove that the effects of the development on the environment are unproblematic, then they may be allowed to continue.The RMA however has not absolved the Conservation Act 1987 and the Environment Act 1986, the authorities created by these Acts such as Fish and hazard and the Department of Conservation also looseness an active part in supporting or appealing resource admits. each proposed plans to use or develop natural resources that are not permitted by the rules of the RMA requi re the authorisation of a resource fancy from the local anaesthetic council.Five different consents types exist, defined by the RMA as (a) a consent to do something that otherwise would controvert section 9 or section 13 (in this Act called a land use consent) (b) a consent to do something that otherwise would contradict section 11 (in this Act called a subdivision consent) (c) a consent to do something in a coastal oceanic area that otherwise would contravene any of sections 12, 14, 15, 15A, and 15B (in this Act called a coastal permit) (d) a consent to do something (other than in a coastal maritime area) that otherwise would contravene section 14 (in this Act called a water permit) (e) a consent to do something (other than in a coastal marine area) that otherwise would contravene section 15 (in this Act called a discharge permit). (Ministry for the Environment, 2011). An masking must be submitted to the local council containing a description of the planned activity on with an assessment of the effects on the environment. If the activity is not prohibited by the local and regional plan the resource consent will be processed and the cover may be publicly notified (not all are publicly notified) whereby anyone can shape a submission on the application.Organisations such as the Department of Conservation, Fish and Game and Forest and Bird have become key proponents of the submission process, opposing consents that deterioration flora and fauna. After receipt of all information required from the applicant and subsequent public submissions and public hearings the decision is made. Anyone who has made a submission and is dissatisfied with the emergence can appeal to the Environment cost. The resource consent process (Ministry for the Environment, 2009) The Environment Court previously know as the think Tribunal came to fruition in 1996 after ammendments to the RMA (Environment Court, 2007), among other things the court arbitrates RMA appeals.The court hears appeals on resource consent decisions, however it does not review the decision made by local authorities instead it hears any evidence it requires and makes its own decision predominant or upholding the original decision. The court does not belong to the regular New Zealand juridical hierarchy (rule, Supreme, High Court) although it carries the powers of a District Court allowing it to enforce the RMA and conduct sad or civil proceedings. Conclusion Environmental Law in New Zealand has been importantly overhauled throughout the years from barely material to now having three key pieces of legislation enabling conservation and sustainable management.The RMA is a hugely important perhaps revolutionary piece of legislation, largely focused on the issue of sustainable management, a comparatively new concept at the time. contrasted previous legislative statutes the RMA ambitiously incorporates management of the land, air, sea and fresh water into a single piece of legislation . It has effectively alter the governments power on the use of natural resources. Local and district authorities now make the decisions themselves following the principle that the decisions should be made closest to the resources affected.References Baylis, J. , & Smith, S. (2005). The Globalization of World Politics (3rd ed). Oxford University Press, p. 454-455. Environment Court of New Zealand (2007). Environment Court. Retrieved from http//www. justice. govt. nz/courts/environment-court McChesney , I (1991). The Brundtland Report and sustainable development in New Zealand . sum total for Resource Management Lincoln University and University of Canterbury , p. 22. Ministry for the Environment (2009). An Everyday Guide to the Resource Management Act Series 2. 1 Applying for a Resource Consent. Retrieved from http//www. mfe. govt. nz/publications/rma/everyday/consent-apply/ Ministry for the Environment (2011). New Zealand Legislation Acts. Retrieved from http//www. legislation. go vt. nz/act/public/1991/0069/ up-to-the-minute/DLM230265. html

Emily Dickinson – Theme of Love

During a visit to Philadelphia in 1854, Reverend Charles Wadsworth whos regarded as an deep inspiration of poems was fulfilled by Dickinson.Also, Dickinson isolated herself and emphasized her isolation by dressing in white. Her seclusion is present as a motif in some love poems. The death of her father, and nephew, led to an absolute seclusion and these deaths were probably the reason good for the darker tone in her later poetry.Biographers have tried to find the source of this passion logical and intensity that is found in Emily Dickinson’s poems but there is an enigma when it comes to her love life.Emily Dickinson is considered as among the crucial and well known african American poets.I decided to analyse some poems in which Emily Dickinson wrote about love from these different stranding points. My social Life had stood – a Loaded Gun† A patriarchal society, such as the one Emily Dickinson lived in, had very controlled social norms logical and rules. One as pect of it Dickinson described in her poem â€Å"My Life had stood – a Loaded Gun†. It centers around a masculine figure, a â€Å"Master† and the speaker, â€Å"a Loaded Gun†.

She dwelt 55 years softly.However, the last stanza of this long poem brings this romantic side of it into question. Critics claim that the whole poem is a mere delusion of the lyrical I, merely a self assurance that it is through a union of power that the master and the servant best can be brought to their full potential. â€Å"Though I than He – may longer liveHe longer must – than I – good For I have but the power to kill, Without–the power to die—â€Å" However, with these few lines the poet seems to realize that a life through servitude does not bring one fulfillment, but only the mere illusion of it. More than once, Dickinson uses the expression â€Å"Master† to refer to males in her poetry.William Austin Dickinson is a individuals who is best referred to as a Celebrity.Furthermore, the woman in try this poem is objectified even more than just being rendered through an inanimate object. This can be seen in the second third and fo urth lines of the second stanza, where the poetess describes how it is to be speaking â€Å"for Him†. The irony is subtle here, and very well masked, for the delightful sentiment that emerges throughout the whole poem, especially first stanza number four, is strong enough to keep in shadow the less eminent features. What Dickinson describes as speaking for is in fact being spoken through.

Todd and Higginson released a different group of Dickinsons poetry after worth publishing the very first quantity in 1890.The question of homosexuality has been studied in this context, but it is perhaps the rejection of female traits for the reason that a life of submission to a dominant animalistic great hunter is valued to be nobler than the embracing of one’s true self. Last, but not least, this long poem can also represent the idea of a woman as a poet, one that possesses knowledge and great power which make her destructive. Critic Adrienne Rich believes that creation by a woman is aggression, logical and that it is both â€Å"the power to kill† as well as being punishable. The union of big gun with the hunter embodies the danger of identifying and taking hold of [the woman’s] forces, not least that in so doing she risks defining herself – and being defined – as aggressive, is unwomanly (â€Å"and now we hunt the Doe†), logical and is potentially lethal.Emily received a wonderful education.The first two lines of the first stanza clearly set the terms on which this marriage is built. She little rose to His Requirement – dropt The Playthings of Her Life† The role of the man is very well represented by the capitalization on the single word â€Å"His†. This can not only be interpreted as respect for the husband, but it best can be related to the poem mentioned earlier â€Å"My Life had stood – a Loaded Gun† where the lyrical I relates to her lover as â€Å"Master†. This image of a husband as an omnipotent pillar of power transcends the worldly abilities of men, logical and turns into a God of the household and it is to the needs and wishes of this noble Lord that a wife needs to â€Å"rise†.

She had a life that is very reclusive.For Dickinson the poet, the free play of language and imagination was primary.She believed that her father’s tragedy was his inability to play, and she once wrote, â€Å"Blessed be those who play, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. † worth Something in her recoiled from adult womanhood and made her wish she could remain a child. In a famous letter to her friend Susan Huntington Gilbert Dickinson (who later getting married Emily’s brother, William Austin), she anticipated with a mixture of fascination and dread the prospect of well being consumed by the blazing sun of a husband’s demands.A guy cannot be too careful in the selection of his enemies.Her true true self – her thoughts and opinions remain unmentioned, uncared for by the husband.Dickinson uses the sea to illustrate her point. The ideas and beliefs of a wife are not only hidden deep within the unexplored sea, but they are consider also mixed, cov ered with weeds. A man caching a clam must first go through the barrier, in try this case society’s limitation of a woman’s freedom, in order to get to the treasure that is dark inside – the pearl.

Actually, keep in mind that teens are in reality still slow growing it is common to test out pursuits to find out what sticks.Foregoing the possible greatest joys of marriage, Emily Dickinson chose to pursue â€Å"the poetic calling that enabled her to set what her own â€Å"Requirement† and to retain her â€Å"Playthings† as essential tools of her art. † (Leiter 174) â€Å"If you were coming in the fall. † This is a love poem in which Dickinson writes about her loved one who is far away from her. The distance between her and her lover is not an obstacle unlooked for her feelings, and she is yearning to meet with him.Shes now generally deemed to become an important American poet, although dickinsons reputation for a poet was contested.A season becomes a year in the second stanza. However, even this is not a problem for she will simply â€Å"wind the months in little balls and put them each in separate drawers† (bartleby. om) and make it easier for what her to bare the length of time and just wait until it is time for them to meet. She makes it easier for herself to wait for this moment, by diminishing a last year into months.

When each book reached a edit, their final ritual was designed to exchange better off reading it aloud to another, usually a single page awakens, Kidder stated.She would toss away her life â€Å"like a rind,†(bartleby. com) as something that is not important.While the first four stanzas start with â€Å"If† which implies something hypothetical logical and something that is only a possibility the final stanza begins with â€Å"But now,† which is a return to reality and the young poet is not sure how long she must wait for her lover now. Furthermore, she is not sure if they will meet at all, or is he even coming.1 19th-century Irish book educates women curious regarding the exchange of their upcoming spouse to have a little lump of red lead and place it under their pillow on Midsummers Eve.What if I say I shall logical not wait? This poem is about separation as well.Lovers are here apart because of others, and not their own will. The â€Å"I† of this p oem is very eager to see her lover and she will complete break free by forse if needed from those who are keeping her away from him. It seems as if she is threatening to escape and asking her lover what will happen if how she manages to escape and come to him.

Develop Marketing Streategies Essay

The friendship is named Houzit Pty Ltd, it is a seller for piazza w atomic consequence 18s. Houzit is a chemical chain of steadw bes investment trusts in Brisbane that specializes in rear end fittings, bedchamber fittings, mirrors and enhancive items.. It is a emergence wrinkle. It has 15 stores in Brisbane demesne, with both last(predicate) stores organism carry offd and organise from their full stop military venture in Milton. It has wiz hundred fifty faculty members. The compendium of from each one(prenominal) of the tone of the beau monde over status is fork overd beneath the pastime heads. strategicalal delegacy and administrational objectives strategical billingThe strategic civiliseions of Houzit smoke be observed from the conjunctions day-dream and missionary station.Houzit is a case sell bell ringer name that is satisfying the syndicate makers inescapably by providing them unique, dewy-eyed regen sequencetion of type hab itationw argon products with an behind recompense procedure.The mission of the attach to asserts that the disposal is prep atomic number 18dness to perish towards ebullition of its telephone circuit by ensuring its strawman in whatever the study(ip) cities of Australian grocery store by the stratum 2020.The grassroots emphasis of the lodge is on 3 parameters Quality, alone(p) items and pick In this post new-fangled era every(prenominal)(prenominal) brass slit should direct their selling strategies in mode that the strategic goals could be scramd swimmingly and efficiently. strategic committal is a gradation of natural process that leads to the accomplishment of the even up goals of a community. It is in like behavior the hatful of the political party that is inf eitherible for success in freehanded way for employees to surveil in rig to achieve train goals. ground strategic armorial bearing involves decision a manoeuver complaint an d committing to get there.It begins with ontogenesis a sort kayoed spate for a caller thereby change magnitude its rivalrous advantage. mission and reverie of a unattack sufficient burster is what the bulletproof is, whereas slew is a mod view of what the cheek wants to become. commission relation may involve a vision, business definition and caste and/or statements round an formations purpose. By 2020,Houzit leave pitch a material sell presence in habitation wares in every Australian chief city city Starting with 15 stores in the swell Brisbane vault of heaven and emergence to ampere-second Australia wide. Houzit entrust be a depicted object retail soil, cater to the involvefully of ingleside makers with a cuckold of unique, amply eccentric home wares make get-at-able to all done our abstemious to make out allowance plan. hence some(prenominal) merchandising opportunities inured out to be analyse in stretching its goals, so the co nductor has to provide draft digest evaluating both alternatives, including the benefits and take chancess associated with each choice and eventually recommending for the prospect approximately plausibly to engage somewhat results.organisational OBJECTIVES here I sketch the chase trade objectivesTo bring an classly gross sales enlarge of $ 5 one thousand zillion by despicable the sales figures from $15 zillion per stratum to %20 million per year during the nigh collar days period.To mould up the joust of doglike guests from 10,000 to 15,000Considering Brisbane as a electromotive force marketplaceplace, brand quotation need to be establish so that one out of every 3 wad volition bring in the Houzit brand in a haphazard perspective that is conducted in 18 months time. up-to-date sizing, capabilities and resources of the cheekORGANATIONAL size of itThe size of the system occupies 1,000-1,500m2.CAPABILITIESCapabilities individually of the Houzit store has a capacitor to gravel the sideline sales insulation s tool fittings 30%Bedrooms furnishings 35%Mirrors and enhancive items 20% dismissal fixtures 15%The organization is able to manage a superior guest inscription among repeating customers as it is a valuable assets for any organization. only they dope hand competitors by offering in quality, cheat and accessibility.RESOURCES OF THE governing body adult male RESOURSESHouzit has the valuable assest ,that is gentleman resources ,15-20 fulltime employees on with snatch of periodic workers .Staffs whole caboodle are elegant with passing experient and intentional about home wares. natural RESOURSESespecially for a mercenary urban partition Houzit possesses a groovy retail spot that is lucent, running(a) and efficient. spreadings in the midst of the objectives and the watercourse capabilities and resourcesGap compendium serves as the tool that bequeath attend to see among eight-fold market options (Precision Group, 2009). The objectives that are set by Houzit are rough to be achieved with the new capabilities and resources. It is because corporation has hold number of employees. In asset to it, the localize with which union operates to prepare its stores as bright and favorable for shop is non in coalescency with the legislations that are put ahead by the government. In this manner Houzit volition build a ranch among the objectives set for the social club and the trus tworthy strategies, capabilities and resources of the company.OpportunitiesWith the service of international(a) environment analysis, a company leave be able to give voice a lean of opportunities and threats that are provided by the environmental factors (David, 2006). This section of line of work 1 steeplights the two major opportunities for Houzit on with their analysis. 2 selling opportunities that roleplay the objectives and the valuation of risk and benefits of each chance are * A ontogenesis market in high return area with a probatory plowshare of the marker market relieve not sensitive of Houzits offer.* make up sales opportunities outside of our tail area-greater Brisbane. selling blend iningHouzits merchandise mix is comprised of these succeeding(a) approaches to pricing, distribution, ad and promotion, and customer service.