Harper: Cost and Attractive Markets Essay

How good is the result? The product in theory has great potential able to save represents in two study industries, ceramics in paints. Looking at both individually 1) Paints Potentially 12 18 cents of savings to accepted estimations, however research with client has shown great difficulty. Was not working well due to suspension problems, was ineffective to swallow the right shine for use in white paints. Further to a greater extent(prenominal), once quality of end product was acceptable, savings was found to be 3cents per a gallon, which was deemed not worthwhile. However more wear on draw in on machinery due to abrasive properties of domimite. 2) Ceramics Huge initial investment to switch over the dies but estimated to be a large number of advantages a. Strength of tile improves b. Minimal moisture expansion c. If used more than 20% thermal expansion goes down reducing tile mfg time. d. Low temperature in kiln e. Reduces Variable cost of tile by 17% through the above mechan isms. Tile industry Fixed cost is enormous due to machinery, labor etc. However actual tests have not been so conclusive. While advantages of them ar seen, there have been issues with warping and with cracks. Penetration with smaller suppliers but failed to interest medium and large manufacturers.What obstacles has harper encountered in developing the market for Dominite? Single source player, very unattractive to large customers Testing has been stupid Failed to find right mixture Failed to sale the higher grade material Penetrated the wrong market instalmentShould Harper try to sell the Dominite operation? It Depends How much for? For the right price, certainly. It comes down to how realistic are the immature projections that came out in 1985. Can we really meet those targets? I doubt it. How much do we take aim to sell to break even? Assuming we use 1985 be for 1986 we would need to sell? Doing the math I assumed everything was a fixed cost except for the 35% of the plant cost(if I took anything else as a variable cost it would go more than the price)giving us a VC of 48. There fore we would have necessitate to sell 54 g-force units which is way way way more. I do feel that exchange costs and admin costs should be part of variable costs, but when I calculate it that way our VC is more than our price which is fucked up.Basically we really need to sell more or sell the entire division. If the finish is not to sell the Dominite operation, what changes should be made in the current gross gross revenue program? What are the near attractive markets? What offer should be presented in terms of value proposition and price? Basically our gross revenue are not doing too well. Take one look at the original projections and our current sales data. Stuff of nightmares. The question is how can we improve it? We have been using trade shows, industry magazines and cold calls. They have gone as far as to leverage their contacts within the pain industry but it i s facilitate not clicking. I think we need to spend some serious R&D time. Our sales pitch so far has been hey, use some dolomite and shit will get better. My good word would to actually figure out what formula works for which application and actually sound like we fill in what we are talking about when we go to the customer.The most attractive markets are obviously paint and ceramic given our product. Let us look at each one of those individually 1) Ceramic 33% of market is 4 big guys, this is key. Any one of them will procure 40 60 thousand tons a year and we will be able to break in. At all costs we must try and get to one of these customers. 33% is medium players amounting to 12 companies. The customer trying to buy us out is in this category. No data on how much they buy but I find it to be a lot less than what we need to even break even 33% left are all small which we have been hitting. 2) Paint 25% of the market is with big guys and 75% with the small guys. Again we have to target the big players.The small guy stratergy is not cutting it. though given the technical difficulties with paint and the minor margins we make, I am wondering if we should save on those sales resources and move them to ceramics. Our valuation offer is basically price saving and reduced time for manufacturing. Our price is warlike with talc which is the product we directly compete with, however we are barely making it. Its a hard call and I want to discuss with you guys in the meeting tomorrow. Are any changes inevitable in the Dominite sales organization? First of all we are cannibalizing our own sales resources with the introduction of superfine. I think we need to dedicate resources solely to dominite to make an impact. Second of all all the above points I made about hitting the right market segments.

Assess the usefulness of different sociological approaches to suicide

Durkheim wrote in the 1890s and was one of the first sociologists right at the forefront of establishing and defining sociology as a scientific discipline. Durkheim argued that it was non only possible to apply scientific principles to favorable phenomena further that it was essential to do so in order to produce useful sociology. His 1897 book felo-de-se a study in sociology uses his scientific methods to explore felo-de-se. Durkheim chooses felo-de-se deliberately, because as the close individual, private and psychologically driven act it was considered by most not to be a fond phenomenon.If sociology could identify social factors and causes of suicide, this would demonstrate the power and impact of community on individual behaviour. So in Durkheims view he entrusts our behaviour is caused by social facts and they are tell to be external from the individual, constrain individuals and be greater than the individuals. After Durkheims abridgment of ordained statistics on suicide it revealed some social groups are more likely to commit suicide than others. For Durkheim, the social patterns of suicide he disc everywhereed is not a random individual act but as stated by Lukes social factors play a key role.Durkheims build showed a correlation between suicide and social facts like suicide rates were higher in predominantly protestant countries than in catholic ones, Jews were the religious group with the lowest suicide rate, married slew were less likely to commit suicide and those with higher education had a higher suicide rate. Durkheim said different forms of suicide related to how much integration and regulation there was in society and this would admit us with a fourfold typology. The term social integration means socialisation into the norms, values and lifestyles of social groups and society.Regulation meaning the control that society and social groups has over an individuals behaviour. With these two factors Durkheim brings upon egoistic su icide not sufficiency integration. The individual isnt successfully integrated into groups or society, anomic not enough regulation society has insufficient control over individuals, altruistic in like manner much integration an over integrated individual sacrifices their life for the group and fatalistic too much regulation the individual is too highly controlled by society. Durkheims work tin also be applied into type of society.As Durkheim states advanced societies and traditional society differ from one and other in their levels of integration and regulation. Durkheim discovers that modern industrial societies arouse lower levels of integration due to lack of freedom this weakens bonds and give rise to egoistic suicide. Whilst, traditional pre-industrial societies expect higher levels of integration as the group is more important than the individual and this gives rise to altruistic suicide. Durkheim has been criticised by other positivist sociologist.Halbwachs largely sup ported Durkheims conclusion but pointed out that the impact of farming(prenominal) versus urban lifestyles on suicide rates hadnt been considered. Also, Gibbs and Martin argued that Durkheim hadnt used vigorous enough scientific methods even though hed stressed how important they were. The key concepts of integration and regulation werent defined closely enough to be measured statistically. Gibbs and Martin query how anyone can pick out how anyone can know what normal levels of integration and regulation are.Interpretivist sociologists have devised alternative theories of suicide they say social reality is not a series of social facts for sociologists to discover, but a series of different meanings and interpretations that apiece person brings to and takes from each situation. Durkheims work is fatally flawed from this perspective because he relies on the unquestioning use of official statistics. According to interpretivists, statistics are not fact they are a social construction based on the definition of the people who compile them.Douglas takes an Interactionist approach to suicide and he is interested in the meaning that suicide has for the deceased, and the way that coroners label death as suicides. He criticises Durkheims study of suicide on two main grounds. One of them being the use of suicide statistics because the decision to classify death as a suicide is taken by a coroner and this may produce bias in verdicts reached. So Douglas feels these are the patterns Durkheim found and that well integrated have friends and relatives who may deny death and this explains their low level of suicide.So Durkheim indicates that suicide verdicts and statistics are based on interactions and negotiations between those involved like friends, doctors and police as they may affect death being labelled as a suicide, rather than it actually being one. Thats why people feel integration plays no dividends. Douglas second point criticises Durkheim for ignoring the meani ngs of the act for those who kill themselves and for assuming that suicide has a fixed or constant meaning.Douglas backs this up as he notes the cultural differences by Japanese samurai warrior who kill themselves because they have been dishonoured by western society. Douglas also states that we need to categorise suicides according to their social meanings because the triggers and response to suicide are different in different cultures. These social meanings consist of revolution of the soul, transformation of the self, achieving sympathy and achieving revenge.Douglas can be criticised, as he is inconsistent, sometimes suggesting that official statistics are merely the reaping of coroners opinions. At other times, he claims we really can discover the cause of suicide-yet how can we, if we can never know whether a death was a suicide and all we have is coroners opinions? Douglas also produces a classification of suicide based on the supposed meanings for the actors. However, ther e is no reason to believe that sociologists are any better than coroners at interpreting dead persons meanings.

Mktg 2101 Red Bull Case Study

MKTG 2101 Consumer Behaviour Case memorise - florid doodly-squat Rampaging through with(predicate) Global Markets 1. What breakdown base has ablaze(p) shit adopt to target customers? How should inflamed Bull but segment the market in the future? Red Bull have adopted a segmentation base strategy relating to market demographics. In circumstance the union has targeted untried mobile lot ancient 16 29 years. Red Bull as well as use geography, identifying mainly university students and urban professionals who needed an dexterity boost throughout their busy schedules and activities.Mateschitz strategy aimed to target tactual sensation leaders, believing that the ascendancy of one of import bee can influence the buying habits of hundreds. The Red Bull segmentation strategy also has an significant psychographic component, particularly focussing on young people with attitudes, perceptions and life zeals that be consistent with risk taking, sporting paced and energet ic doingss highlighted with the play along motto No Red Bull, No Wings. In order to relate to succeed, I conceive that Red Bull must optimise opportunities in the growing economies of India and China.With greater economical freedoms and increased existence growth in the middle class there are millions of young people falling into an gentle demographic for the Red Bull crossing. These young people will be the opinion leaders of the future in their countries, therefore holding the key for a success. Ways in which the company can poke out its current activities to begin the process will lie in the correct merchandise strategies in particular I believe that the continued sponsorship of intense events in these regions will be the absolute authority to familiarize young people to the product in an exciting new way. . How does Red Bull arouse the motivations of customers to purchase its energy drinks? Red Bull and Mateschitz explain we are always looking for a more(prenomi nal) creative, unalike point of view (Dolan 2005) to promote and present the product to the customer. This attitude is consistent with the marking name temper and the cypher of its customers. It is for this reason that the company aligns itself with the young male fast paced and energetic, interested in extreme sports, risky behaviour and never satisfied with the last thrill.The company too, is never satisfied, continuing sponsorship of extreme sports, owning polity 1 rush teams and even underdeveloped its own sports such as BMX bike riding, Kite Boarding, Freeskiing, paragliding and more The company is adapted to continually satisfy the needs of the market, arousing the customer with exciting new promotions and events which challenge the limits of gentlemans gentleman belief. For example, the Red Bull sponsored BMX events where the riders are attempting and completing unseen tricks and death defying acts on a weekly basis.The company has also try a viral marketing strateg y, in order to get the product to the consumer in a sleazy and effective way. However, these efforts are also well calculated, for example, the drivers of the Red Bull VW Beetle are generally extremely good looking females aged 19 28 years, attractive and corresponding for the targeted young male. 3. Describe the brand temperament of Red Bull. Why do you think the concept of brand personality is so important to Red Bull?Brand personality allows the consumer to develop a meaty appurtenance to the product. People do not develop meaningful, long lasting relationships with the thing itself, it is when the consumer is able see the product with a authentic persona, with disembodied spiriting and meaning it is then that the relationship develops and potentially blossoms. Red Bull and Mateschitz insure this and have created a brand personality that embodies excitement, energy and exhilaration, Red Bull isnt a drink, its a way of life.People are overwhelmed with the image, the amazi ng aura around the events and the excitement created by the athletes. teenage people feel the product, the brand and the colours when they see these competitors doing the amazing things that they aspire to, enshrouded with the simple colours of smooth-spoken and blue. A clean, improve image burned into their brain, connected to the memories of thrilling moments when their heart was pumping, hands were sweating and epinephrin was frantically pulsating through their bodies.By creating these experiences for their consumer Red Bull are facilitating the development of important relationships with their product. In my opinion, maintaining brand personality and relationships is imperative for Red Bull. Mateschitz himself states, We dont bring the product to the people. We make it available and those who love our style come to us highlighting his acknowledgement of the importance of people aligning themselves with the brand personality and developing a meaningful and long lasting relati onship with the Red Bull productReferences * Dolan, K. (2005). The Soda With Buzz. Forbes. com http//www. forbes. com/global/2005/0328/028 print. hypertext markup language * Sciffman, L. , OCass, A. , Paladino, A. , DAlessandro, S. and Bednall, D. 2011. Consumer Behaviour, 5th Edition. Pearson Prentice Hall Australia * Gschwandtner, G. (2004). The Powerful Sales Strategy Behind Red Bull. Selling Power. September. http//www. sellinpower. comMktg 2101 Red Bull Case StudyMKTG 2101 Consumer Behaviour Case Study -Red Bull Rampaging through Global Markets 1. What segmentation base has Red Bull adopted to target customers? How should Red Bull further segment the market in the future? Red Bull have adopted a segmentation base strategy relating to market demographics. In particular the company has targeted young active people aged 16 29 years. Red Bull also use geography, identifying mainly university students and urban professionals who needed an energy boost throughout their busy schedule s and activities.Mateschitz strategy aimed to target opinion leaders, believing that the authority of one alpha bee can influence the buying habits of hundreds. The Red Bull segmentation strategy also has an important psychographic component, particularly focussing on young people with attitudes, perceptions and lifestyles that are consistent with risk taking, fast paced and energetic behaviours highlighted with the company motto No Red Bull, No Wings. In order to continue to succeed, I believe that Red Bull must optimise opportunities in the growing economies of India and China.With greater economic freedoms and increased population growth in the middle class there are millions of young people falling into an attractive demographic for the Red Bull product. These young people will be the opinion leaders of the future in their countries, therefore holding the key for a success. Ways in which the company can expand its current activities to begin the process will lie in the correct m arketing strategies in particular I believe that the continued sponsorship of extreme events in these regions will be the perfect way to introduce young people to the product in an exciting new way. . How does Red Bull arouse the motivations of customers to purchase its energy drinks? Red Bull and Mateschitz explain we are always looking for a more creative, different point of view (Dolan 2005) to promote and present the product to the customer. This attitude is consistent with the brand personality and the image of its customers. It is for this reason that the company aligns itself with the young male fast paced and energetic, interested in extreme sports, risky behaviour and never satisfied with the last thrill.The company too, is never satisfied, continuing sponsorship of extreme sports, owning Formula 1 racing teams and even developing its own sports such as BMX bike riding, Kite Boarding, Freeskiing, paragliding and more The company is able to continually satisfy the needs of the market, arousing the customer with exciting new promotions and events which challenge the limits of human belief. For example, the Red Bull sponsored BMX events where the riders are attempting and completing unseen tricks and death defying acts on a weekly basis.The company has also attempted a viral marketing strategy, in order to get the product to the consumer in a cheap and effective way. However, these efforts are also well calculated, for example, the drivers of the Red Bull VW Beetle are generally extremely good looking females aged 19 28 years, attractive and corresponding for the targeted young male. 3. Describe the brand personality of Red Bull. Why do you think the concept of brand personality is so important to Red Bull?Brand personality allows the consumer to develop a meaningful attachment to the product. People do not develop meaningful, long lasting relationships with the thing itself, it is when the consumer is able see the product with a certain persona, with feeling and meaning it is then that the relationship develops and potentially blossoms. Red Bull and Mateschitz understand this and have created a brand personality that embodies excitement, energy and exhilaration, Red Bull isnt a drink, its a way of life.People are overwhelmed with the image, the amazing aura around the events and the excitement created by the athletes. Young people feel the product, the brand and the colours when they see these competitors doing the amazing things that they aspire to, enshrouded with the simple colours of silver and blue. A clean, refined image burned into their brain, connected to the memories of thrilling moments when their heart was pumping, hands were sweating and adrenalin was frantically pulsating through their bodies.By creating these experiences for their consumer Red Bull are facilitating the development of important relationships with their product. In my opinion, maintaining brand personality and relationships is imperative for Red Bul l. Mateschitz himself states, We dont bring the product to the people. We make it available and those who love our style come to us highlighting his acknowledgement of the importance of people aligning themselves with the brand personality and developing a meaningful and long lasting relationship with the Red Bull productReferences * Dolan, K. (2005). The Soda With Buzz. Forbes. com http//www. forbes. com/global/2005/0328/028 print. html * Sciffman, L. , OCass, A. , Paladino, A. , DAlessandro, S. and Bednall, D. 2011. Consumer Behaviour, 5th Edition. Pearson Prentice Hall Australia * Gschwandtner, G. (2004). The Powerful Sales Strategy Behind Red Bull. Selling Power. September. http//www. sellinpower. com

Communication and Positive Relationships Essay

Module 1 ActivitiesQ1.1Why is it fundamental that you atomic number 18 equal to(p) to croak effectively with people in your job role? Good communication is very important when working with boorren, late people, their families and c arers. By being satisfactory to communicate effectively I am cave in indisputable that I am understood and dread too. People, especially minorren respond well to positive communication, and by being able to communicate effectively with boorren I get out be able to identify their strengths and weaknesses and be able to support them if it be needed.Being able to communicate effectively with colleagues means I leave be able to discuss lessons, pupils progress and any problems that whitethorn arise, and if I am able to communicate effectively with parents and carers because I forget be able to discuss pupil progress etc in a professional manner that would non be offending. An about other reason why being able to communicate effectively is im portant is that it helps build a steady-going rapport and builds trust between the workforce, chelaren, young people and their carers. Q1.2Explain your different styles of communication whena) nonicing that a Foundation age child is be start out shot hard put during a group activity in the Numeracy session I allow come down to the take aim of the child and have if they understood the session or if they found it difficult. I would be hearing. I ordain institutionalize the child the opportunity to prove their thoughts on the lesson in the hope that I pull up stakes then be able to asses why the child was becoming distressed and be able to resolve the pick out so that the child felt confident enough to carry on. Children learn best when they are enabled to designate themselves (http//www.nicurriculum.org.uk/docs/foundation_stage/UF_web.pdf)b) noticing that a Year 7 child is becoming distressed during a group activity in the Maths lesson I will ask the child to prompt o ut from the group so they didnt feel humiliated in front of their peers. I will nottalk down to them sooner I will be regard asful and empathizeing. I will give the child an opportunity to express their thoughts on why they were becoming distressed maybe they didnt understand the activity or were un comfortable with the group they were put with? I will try my best to resolve any issues that the child may have, so the child knows that he was perceive and not feel that he was ignored. c) Supporting a child with Aspergers Syndrome during a role play activity about going on holiday almost children with Aspergers syndrome like routine and structure People with Aspergers syndrome often have trouble understanding the big picture and tend to see part of a detail rather than the whole. (http//www.webmd.com/brain/autism/tc/aspergers-syndrome-home-treatment) I will formulate the activity to the child in a simple manner and give the child the opportunity to decide on what he wants to say without overpowering him.I will instal sure enough the child understands what is going on in the activity and throughout the role play, and also make sure that he is not getting distressed. I will make sure he is comfortable when interacting with other children and that he understands what the activity is about. Children with Aspergers syndrome find it difficult to socialise, so I will talk to the child and make him feel comfortable about the role play. I will not demand, instead I will suggest so the child doesnt feel like he is being pushed in to doing something he is not comfortable with as this will result in him becoming distressed. d) Supporting a child with hearing impairment during a role play activity about going on holiday I will firstly ensure that the activity is taking place in an theater of operations which is quiet so the child does not have difficulties in hearing.I will intercommunicate to the child, coming down to his level, and in a clear voice reservation s ure he has understood the activity. I will use visual aids about the activity, pictures about going on holiday etc, making sure the child is comfortable with the role play. I will ensure all other children taking part in the role play speak in a loud clear voice, and that the child is sat in a place where he will be able to communicate with the others effectively. I will ensure the child is not getting distressed throughout the activity by staying mean to the child and asking him at intervals ensuring that he is comfortable.Q1.3You are concerned about the behavior of one of the children with whom you are involved. You believe that this is due to learning indoctrinatement problems, and suspect this may be due to underlying medical checkup issues. Explain how you would ensure that effective communication is maintained when discussing these issues with the childs parent, the assigned instructor and other external professionals. When discussing these issues with the childs parent I will make sure I am programme and considerate. I will ensure that the parents know that they are involved in all decisions poignant their childs education and learning.I will be respectful, avoid being judgemental and also look upon to be positive, as parents enjoy positive communication. I will include positive aspects of the childs performance. I will listen to the parents input and there point of view. Surveyed parents wanted to be treated with respect and as equals when communicating with educators. Parents are not looking for a cold, professional approach from school staff. Rather, teachers who develop a personal touch in their communication style achieve enhanced school relationships. communication with Parents Strategies for Teachers, Susan Graham-ClayWhen discussing these issues with the teacher and other external professionals I will be non judgemental, be respectful towards the child and be sure to communicate in a way that all information is passed on accurately r egarding the childs demeanour and any other issues that there may be.Q1.4How after part a HLTA help pupils to understand why it is necessary to behave take overly during lessons?Its far more effective to encourage good behaviour rather than deal with misbehaviour as it arises http//newteachers.tes.co.uk/content/top-10-strategies-encouraging-good-behaviourA HLTA can help pupils understand why it is necessary to behave appropriately by firstly being aware of the schools policy on behaviour, then making thepupils aware of the policies regarding acceptable behaviour at the school. Pupils can be told how malapropos behaviour can disrupt the learning process of others and the teaching process. A poster of phase rules/ fore ascertained behaviour can be put up in the manikinroom so pupils are aware of what kind of behaviour is expected from them in the school. The pupils should be made aware of what is expected of them and a consistent approach should be upheld regarding this.Q1.5Spea k to a classroom teacher and ask them about the most important things they expect from their pupils in terms of behaviour. Record them below and state whether you agree or disagree with their expectations.If there are expectations you did not agree with, think about why you did not agree. Record your thoughts here and discuss with the teacher. enter in class discussions-DisagreeSome students are not comfortable when having to speak up in class discussions. This should not be expected from all students and should not be thought of as misbehaving if students are not participating with class discussions.Hand work in on period given-DisagreeIt should be expected that some students may not be able to hand their work in on the beat given, this can be due to learning difficulties, some students may need extra support and time in completing their work. Some students may be experiencing problems at home etc which has not made it possible for them to arrant(a) their work on timeQ1.6Say how you as a HLTA would deal with each of the following situations (Figures in brackets give the age of the pupil)Amy (13) calls Jasmine (11) a chav.I would first report the incident to the class teacher, and then I would move Amy to a different place so she does not feel humiliated and give her time to steady down down and a chance to explain why she said what she did to Jasmine. I will come up an open mind and stay calm and supportive so as to not inflame the situation further. When the teacher is dealing with the situation I will make sure the rest of the class is not disrupted by keeping them on task I will see how jasmine has been affected by this and make sure she is ok.Susan (8) pulls the hair of the girl sitting next to herI will be sure to not shout as this will not solve the problem, firstly Iwill move Susan away to a different place and then inform the teacher. I will give Susan time to calm down before I attempt to examine the problem, I will listen to her and envision t hat I am raise in her feelings. I will explain how this kind of behaviour is not acceptable, I will criticise the behaviour and not Susan, and I will explain how her actions affect others rough herDuring a whole-class activity, Jack (11) gets up and wanders round the classroom, looking at other pupils work and distracting them. I would ask Jack to return to his place and laudation him when he does so. I will speak to Jack away from the rest of the pupils asking him why he was wandering around the class, maybe he wasnt sure about the class activity, I will remind him of the class rules and explain how his behaviour was disrupting the rest of the classYou hear Tom (13) threaten to knife Paul (12) when they get out of school. I will speak to Tom calmly and ask him what was making him angry, I will show him that I am interested and want to help. I will give him time to calm down. I will tell the class teacher so she is aware of the situation and can tell the appropriate people at the school to ensure the safety of the pupils.You ask Mohammed (5) to stop talking while the teacher is talking and he swears at you I will keep calm and not shout or get angry. I will condemn the behaviour and not Mohammed so he does not feel humiliated. I will explain to the class why using this kind of language is inappropriate and how it hurts peoples feelings etc I will encourage good behaviour and praise Mohammed for doing good so he learns the difference between praise on good behaviour and being reprimanded for unacceptable behaviour.Carla (13) and Rani (13) have an argument over a pencil. Carla is racially abusive to Rani and grabs Ranis wrist to force her to give her the pencil. I will tell Carla to move to a different place away from the class, and give her some time to smooth and think. I will inform the class teacher of what has happened and ensure that Rani is ok I will give Carla the chance tospeak, reminding her that being racially abusive was wrong and how she thought Rani may be feeling. I will not shout or become angry, I will remain calm and not criticise her behaviourYou come across Chris (14) and Sam (15) smoking at the top of the contend fields I will ask both boys politely to stop smoking and get free of the cigarettes and to also give me any other cigarettes that they may have. I will keep calm and not become angry. I will ask them if they knew the dangers and ill effects of smoking and how it was dangerous to their health etc I will criticise the act and not the pupilsI will report the incident to the class teacherYou overhear Charlotte (14) and Jenny (14) discussing a sexually explicit scenario involving one of the male teachers. I will tell both the girls to move places and then report to the class teacher what I had heard. I will not become judgemental or angry I will remain calm and explain why these kinds of discussions were inappropriate in the classroom. As this is a sensitive matter involving another teacher, I will inform the appropriate member of staff to deal with it accordingly, and make sure I clearly tell them what I had heard between the girls

Running Water’s Effect on Roman Society

One of the greatest civilizations of each(prenominal) time was antiquated Rome. They conquered more(prenominal) or less of the know world, which influenced close to of the antediluvian and modern cultures. Their achievements in architecture rendered modern observers speechless, and brought great wealth to the papistical Empire. By utmost the greatest achievement in Roman history came in the form of running body of urine. The three bring out frame, which was developed by early Etruscans, kept diseases away and saved time. This system included the entrance, use, and exit of ancient Roman water.According to numerous historical textbooks, ancient Romans relied upon the water from the Tiber River, sm whole springs, and shallow wells. Said water had to be carried in buckets to the city in many grueling passages. Over time, the water became insufficient for the maturement population of Rome, and to rectify this problem, aqueducts were built. Most of the information on the aqu educts in ancient Rome comes from Sextus Julius Frontius, the water commissi ir in the 1st century A. D.He described in proud detail the sources, length, and function of each of Romes aqueducts, and he believed that the Roman achievements in water management were more important than anything else. . . . With such an array of vital structures carrying so many waters, compare if you will, the idle Pyramids or the useless, though famous works of the Greek (Frontius, trans. By Bennet, 1961). Here, Frontius shows he cares little about the beauty of a monument, for his appreciation lies with the function it is created for to carry potable water to the cities of the Empire, in particular in the case of Frontius, to ancient Rome.The aqueduct system began at the source a spring or river that looked to be suitable for the citizens of Rome, and ran at a slight decrease in altitude to the walls of the city. For example, the Aqua Appia, constructed by Appius Cladius Caesus in the year 312 B. C . , was 16,445 meters in length, but it only when dropped 10 meters in altitude from the source to its level in Rome (Lanciani, 1897). Modern engineers marvel at the miniscule percent error of Appius Cladius Caesus famous aqueduct. The way the Romans built these lines so perfectly was very simple.If the workers came to a valley that interrupted the flow of gravity, they would build a tiered viaduct to keep the elevation in the same style if they came upon a depression that was deemed impractical to build a viaduct, they would build an inverted siphon to move the water to and from its original height and, lastly, if the workers fell upon a survey or hill that obstructed the flow of the water, they would tunnel through the earth to ensure that the water reached its terminus (Smith, 1978). I thought that Aqueducts only consisted of the two tiered bridges sadly Norman Smith has turn up me wrong. The popular but inaccurate image is that Roman aqueducts were elevated throughout their entire length on lines of arches The system of aqueducts serving Rome had only 5 percent of its total distance supported by viaducts or bridges (Smith, 1978). This shows that modern archaeologists have deceived many people. Their findings only include the wondrous two tiered bridges that are deceivably named, Aqueducts, whereas these structures are called viaducts, and Aqueducts are a name for the system that brings water from the source to the city. by and by the water arrived in the city, it served a purpose depending on its tone. Roman water quality standards were remedial, taking into musing only such factors as taste, temperature, smell, and appearance. Since the quality of water from the nine aqueducts varied, the worst waters were apply for maudlin lakes and irrigation, and the best for drinking. The aqueducts carrying water to Rome were covered to prevent the water from existence contaminated by dust, dirt, and early(a) impurities and from being heated by the sun.The best quality waters came from the valley of the Anio River (Hansen, 1983). This quote shows that the quality of the water brought into the city determined the purpose it served, such as, water for fountains, drinking, latrines, general baths, cleaning the streets, for putting out fires, and, now and then, for gibe naval battles. Latrines in ancient Rome consisted of large, circular or square rooms. The seating was that of a misfortunate marble countertop with a circular hole on top and a square hole attenuated from the edge.At the feet of the user was a trench, and running water flowed through the trench. Every Roman had their own scrub on a stick they would dip their sponge in the fresh water, and use it to clean themselves accordingly. This was a huge step in public sanitation. It cut down the spread of nasty diseases, which were running berserk in the ancient times. Even today, though we do not clean ourselves with sponges, there is still a square slot cut, similar to the o ne in ancient Rome, in most modern toilets. earthly concern baths served not only for bathing, but for every social interaction in Roman culture.People went to the baths much all day to play games, discuss politics, exercise, read, lecture, listen to musical performances, and engage in prostitution. Waters of these baths were changed some(prenominal) times daily and used massive nitty-grittys of water. Mock naval battles, such as the one on lake Naumachia were the most entertaining of all spectacles put on by the ancient Romans. other popular form of entertainment was the pseudo naval battle on artificial lakes (Naumachia). These not-so-sham battles were the most elaborate of all spectacles offered at Roman celebrations.The contestants butchered one another until one side or the other was eliminated the victors, if they fought bravely, were occasionally given their freedom. The Emperor Domitian had the arena of the Coliseum flooded and reproduced an historic naval battle. picky piping was installed nether the floor for flooding. The arena, however, proved to be as well as small. Roman historians report that Domitian staged sham naval battles with most regular fleets, having dug an artificial lake near the Tiber River and surrounded it with seats Generally the aqueduct with poorest quality water was used to fill the naumachia (Hansen, 1983)Emperor Domitian used the Coliseum, the Flavian Amphitheater, to stage mock naval battles as well, but it was too small, so he returned to filling Lake Naumachia. These quotes show that the ancient Roman people depended greatly on the aqueducts or Rome. The range of water delivered by the aqueducts varies from a low of 322,000 boxy meters per day (Herschel, 1913) to a high of 1,010,623 (Ashby, 1935). Roman water management was highly impressive, although the rich and influential received a much greater amount than the low-spirited citizens share.Good portions of this water were dumped into the street this helped for the destruction of diseases because it kept the streets clean, by moving these hazards into the sewer system and out from under the feet of passerby. Virtually all water that entered the city of ancient Rome left via the sewer Maxima, and its main outlet was the Tiber River (Hansen, 1983). Several years before the birth of Christ, engineers built the sewer Maxima, which was the drainage and wastewater collection system in the ancient city of Rome. It still exists, and is used today, sparingly.Not everyone used the Cloaca Maxima, for it was highly taxed. The lazy, the misers, the poor, and the invalids had to indemnify to chamber pots. These would be emptied into the sewer nearby or dumped directly into the street, causing a passerby to receive an unwanted gift (Hansen, 1983). From every towering roof the rubbish falls, striking the head, and injuries lift rank. See how pots strike and dint the sturdy pavement Theres death from every window where you move. Youd be a print to vent ure out to dine, Oblivious of what goes on above, Without you having penned the dotted lineOf your last testament, You can but trust they spill a chamber pot. (Juvenal, trans. Jerome Mazzaro,1965) One can see the irritation that jumps from the quote of Juvenal, and it shows that this practice was highly frowned upon in ancient Roman society. If a free man was struck by one of these projectiles, in assenting to medical fees and other expenses, he could be paid in a similarity to Workmans Compensation from the guilty party (Carcopino, 1940). This poem adds emphasis to the unOrthodox disposal of waste, in addition to the orthodox methods of the Cloaca Maxima.Water entered ancient Rome mainly through aqueducts, which made the entrance grand, profitable, and allowed for even lowly citizens to have fresh water this water was used by the citizens in numerous ways, including latrines, public baths, and garble naval battles and said water exited ancient Rome into the Tiber River through the Cloaca Maxima, which was the sewer system in ancient Rome, and the chamber pot. These wondrous events greatly influenced the culture of ancient Roman cities, which consisted of mostly the entire known world.Consequently, this influence allowed for other civilizations to build upon the ideas of the ancient Romans, thus improving the architecture for societies to come. 1,549 Words For this paper I used numerous quotes from the text of Roger D. Hansen, WATER AND WASTEWATER SYSTEMS IN IMPERIAL ROME, this paper was the basis for all of my citations because all of the citations are used for his cited support as well as mine. I did have a great understanding for the information that was given here, but I had trouble finding sources for the information I gained in Western Civilization class, because it was my knowledge.That was a problem until I found this essay, but all references to his text are cited according to Hansen, and the references that he used in his paper are cited accordin g to the works he used for support. Works Cited Ashby, Th. , 1935. The Aqueducts of Ancient Rome (ed. I. Richmond), Oxford. Carcopino, Jerome, 1947 (first published in 1940). Daily Life in Ancient Rome. Yale University Press, juvenile Haven, Connecticut. Frontinus, Sextus Julius (trans. Charles Bennett), 1961. Stratagems and the Aqueducts of Rome. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Hansen, Roger D. 1983, WATER AND WASTEWATER SYSTEMS IN IMPERIAL ROME. Web. 5 Nov. 2010. . Herschel, Clemens, 1913. Frontinus and the Water Supply of Rome. Longman, Green and Company, New York. Juvenal, Decimus Julius (trans. Jerome Mazzaro), 1965. Satire. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor. Lanciani, Rodolfo, 1967 (first published in 1897).The Ruins of Ancient Rome. Benjamin Blom, New York. Smith, Norman, 1978. Roman Hydraulic Technology. Scientific American 238154-161. Quotes Ashby, 1935 A high of 1,010,623 cubic meters of water delivered daily to ancient Romans Carcopino, 1940 Wh en in consequence of the fall of one of these projectiles from a house, the body of a free man shall have suffered injury, the judge shall award to the victim in addition to medical fees and other expenses incurred in his treatment and necessary to his recovery, the total of the wages of which he has been or shall in the future be deprived by the inability to work which has ensued. Frontius, 1961 . . . With such an array of indispensable structures carrying so many waters, compare if you will, the idle Pyramids or the useless, though famous works of the GreekHansen, 1983 Romans without indoor(a) facilities were forced into one of two options. For a relatively small charge they could enter one of the citys public latrines or they could use chamber potsRomes elaborate latrines were not a haven for the lazy, the misers, the poor, or the invalids. These latter groups had to resort to chamber pots. These were emptied into vats placed under the stairwells or, if vats were not provided, j ars could be emptied into a nearby cesspool or an interruption into the central sewer.There were many who found their stairs too steep, the distances to cesspools or sewers too far, and who found it more energy efficient to empty the contents of their chamber pots from windows onto the streets below The Roman sewer system in all probability carried off at least as much water as the aqueducts providedThe flow of the Tiber River was greatly increase by discharges from Romes sewers Another popular form of entertainment was the sham naval battle on artificial lakes (Naumachia).These not-so-sham battles were the most elaborate of all spectacles offered at Roman celebrations. The contestants butchered one another until one side or the other was eliminated the victors, if they fought bravely, were occasionally given their freedom. The Emperor Domitian had the arena of the Coliseum flooded and reproduced an historic naval battle. Special piping was installed under the floor for flooding.T he arena, however, proved to be too small. Roman historians report that Domitian staged sham naval battles with almost regular fleets, having dug an artificial lake near the Tiber River and surrounded it with seats Generally the aqueduct with poorest quality water was used to fill the naumachia Roman water quality standards were remedial, taking into consideration only such factors as taste, temperature, smell, and appearance.Since the quality of water from the nine aqueducts varied, the worst waters were used for artificial lakes and irrigation, and the best for drinking. The aqueducts carrying water to Rome were covered to prevent the water from being contaminated by dust, dirt, and other impurities and from being heated by the sun. The best quality waters came from the valley of the Anio River Herschel, 1913 As low as 322,000 cubic meters per day delivered by aqueducts

Case Study 1 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

1 - Case Study ExampleThe consciousness and nervous breakdown discipline is secondary to hepatocellular failure, which is caused by low colorful functioning (Dickerson, 2006).Excessive function of alcohol causes leads to gastrointestinal bleeding and hence F.C is at a risk of experiencing the condition. F.C is a weighed down reamer and he has exhibited signs of cirrhosis, which causes gastrointestinal bleeding in later stages. The bleeding occurs after a period of heavy drinking on a patient already suffering liver disorders. Symptoms of liver disorders are ostensible in F.Cs body, but yet he persistently drinks heavily. The blood is unable to clot, which leads to coagulopathy (Dickerson, 2006).Acute liver failure is the cause of F.Cs constant mental deterioration through alteration of his mental status. Medically, the condition can be treated using proper intensive care support through hemodynamics and peregrine management. The doctors should also use proper medication that does not affect the liver avoiding non steroidal drugs used for anti-inflammatory purposes. Anti-viral medication should be used to treat cirrhosis to avoid increased liver dysfunction (Dickerson,

Drugs on University Campus Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Drugs on University Campus - Coursework ExampleThe students are involved in consuming drugs and alcoholic drink usually is more likely to get C grade GPAs. It is a major factor of drop out of students. One third of teenage battalion who died in accidents are drunk.Approximately half of the young people from age 16 to 24 tried drugs at least one time. Use of alcohol, ecstasy, cocain and cannabis is drastically increasing on campuses and it can lead to morally corrupt society, it started when students see their friends fetching drugs and they inadequacy to try it too and they get addicted. But the ratio of students who are taking drugs is low as it may be thought the ratio is higher, According to study of Drug culture on UK Campuses 45% of students not at all make an effort to take any form of illegal drugs, til now 90% of students believed that their friends involved in consuming drugs (Friedberg, 2012).According to the survey report 77% students take cannabis, 39% ecstasy and 24% cocaine on campuses. Students are cautious while taking LSD as 61% of students never tried this. One research conducted online and questioned 1401 students, just 3% of the students said they never want to tried cannabis, now you can assume how radically use of this type of drugs increasing. (Friedberg, 2012)Drugs are illegal and by consuming it students get a risk of affecting their mental and physical health, these drugs make young people lead to unprotected sex and it cause STDs and unplanned pregnancy. The legal penalties are severe as if assemble guilty, possession of A class drugs can lead to 7 years of prison and if found guilty. As a result, then students waste their years to attend school.Most of the students nearly more than half per centum of students when arrived at university they already have know how of drugs and they had to used them regularly before arriving at university. A very big numbers of students tried drugs by the age of 16. Many of the students smoke cigarettes and some of them tried